HOSA Nutrition 2024-2025 review test (A+ Graded Already)
m m m m m m m m
AbsorptionmcorrectmanswersmTakingmupmofmnutrientsminmthemintestines
AdiposemtissuemcorrectmanswersmFattymtissue
AerobicmmetabolismmcorrectmanswersmCombiningmnutrientmoxygenmwithinmthemcell;malsomcalledmox
idation.
AlbuminmcorrectmanswersmProteinmthatmoccursminmbloodmplasma
AlkalosismcorrectmanswersmConditionminmwhichmexcessmbasemaccumulatesmin,mormacidsmaremlostmfro
m,mthembody.
AminomacidsmcorrectmanswersmNitrogenmcontainingmchemicalmcompoundsmofmwhichmproteinmismco
mposed
AmphetaminesmcorrectmanswersmDrugsmintendedmtominhibitmappetite
AnemiamcorrectmanswersmConditionmcausedmbyminsufficientmnumbermofmredmbloodmcells,mhemoglob
inmormbloodmvolume.
AnginampectorismcorrectmanswersmPainminmthemheartmmusclemduemtominadequatembloodmsupply.
arteriosclerosismcorrectmanswersmGenericmtermmformthickenedmarteries
ArthritismcorrectmanswersmChronicmdiseaseminvolvingmthemjoints
ascitesmcorrectmanswersmAbnormalmcollectionmofmfluidminmthemabdomen.
aspartamemcorrectmanswersmArtificialmsweetenermmademfrommtwomaminomacid;mdoesmnotmrequiremin
sulinmformmetabolism
aspiratedmcorrectmanswersmInhaledmormsuctioned
Atherosclerosismcorrectmanswersmamformmofmarteriolosclerosismaffectingmthemintimam(innermlining)m
ofmthemarterymwalls
avitaminosismcorrectmanswersmWithoutmvitamins
BeriberimcorrectmanswersmDeficiencymdiseasemcausedmbymlackmofmvitaminmb1mthiamine.mLegsmfeelm
heavymfeetmburnmandmmusclesmdegenerate.
BasalmmetabolismmratemBMRmcorrectmanswersmThemratematmwhichmenergymismneededmformbodymmai
ntenance.
,bilemcorrectmanswersmSecretionmofmthemliver,mstoredminmthemgallbladder,messentialmformthemdigestionm
ofmfat.
BioavailablemcorrectmanswersmThemabilitymofmamnutrientmtombemreadilymabsorbedmandmusedmbymthemb
ody
biotinmcorrectmanswersmamBmvitamin,mnecessarymformmetabolism
BolusmcorrectmanswersmFoodminmthemmouthmthatmismreadymtombemswallowed
BotulismmcorrectmanswersmDeadliestmofmfoodmpoisoning;mcostmbymthembacteriamClostridiummbotulin
um
branmcorrectmanswersmoutermcoveringmofmgrainmkernels.mContainsmmineralsmBmvitaminsmcellulosema
ndmprotein
BuffermsystemsmcorrectmanswersmProtectivemsystemsmregulatingmamountsmofmhydrogenmionsminmbod
ymfluids
CachexiamcorrectmanswersmSeveremmalnutritionmandmbodymwastingmcausedmbymchronicmdisease
calipermcorrectmanswersmMechanicalmdevicemusedmtommeasurempercentagemofmbodymfatmbymskinfoldm
measurement
nutrientsm(6)mcorrectmanswersmChemicalmsubstancesmthatmaremfoundminmfoodmandmnecessarymformgoo
dmhealth.mCarbohydrates,mfats,mproteins,mvitamins,mminerals,mwater.
EssentialmnutrientmcorrectmanswersmNutrientsmfoundmonlyminmfood
CarbohydratesmcorrectmanswersmAboutm50%mofmdiet.mProvidesmenergy.mProteinmsparingmaction.mNo
rmalmfatmmetabolism.mThreemtypes.
MonosaccharidesmcorrectmanswersmSimplestmformmofmcarbohydrates.mNomdigestionmrequired.mCanm
bemeasilymabsorbedmdirectlymintomthembloodmstreammfrommthemsmallmintestinemtheymincludemglucosem
fructosemandmgalactose
DisaccharidesmcorrectmanswersmDoublemsugars.mHydrolysismtommonosaccharides.mExamplesmaremsu
crosemmaltosemandmlactose
LactosemintolerancemcorrectmanswersmInabilitymtomdigestmlactosembecausemifmyoumlackmofmthemenzy
memlactase;mcausesmabdominalmcrampsmandmdiarrhea
PolysaccharidesmcorrectmanswersmComplexmcarbohydratesmcontainingmcombinationsmofmmonosacc
harides.mExamplesmincludemstarchmdextrinmcellulosemandmglycogen
,GlycogenmcorrectmanswersmGlucosemthatmismstoredminmthemlivermandmmuscles.mApproximatelym1/2md
aymsupplymofmenergymismstoredmasmglycogenminmthemlivermandmmuscles
FibermcorrectmanswersmIndigestiblempartsmofmplants;mabsorbsmwaterminmlargemintestine,mhelpingmtomc
reatemsoftmstool.
CellulosemcorrectmanswersmPrimarymsourcesmofmdietarymfiber
EndospermmcorrectmanswersmTheminnermpartmofmthemkernelmofmgrain;mcontainsmamcarbohydrate.mCon
tainmstarchmproteinmandmsomemBmvitamins
germmcorrectmanswersmSmallestmpartmofmthemgrainmandmismamrichmsourcemofmBmvitaminsmvitaminmEm
mineralsmandmproteins
LipidsmandmfatmcorrectmanswersmFormedmfrommglycerolmProvidesmenergy.m9mcalories
hypercholesterolemiamcorrectmanswersmUnusuallymhighmlevelsmofmcholesterolmandmblood;malsomkno
wnmasmhighmserummcholesterol.mCommonminmclientsmwithmatherosclerosis.
plaquemcorrectmanswersmFattymdepositmonminteriormofmarterymwalls.mWhenmplaquemblocksmthemheartm
amheartmattackmoccurs.mWhenmitmblocksmthembrainmamstrokemoccurs.
functionmofmstomachmcorrectmanswersmtemporarymstoragemofmfood.mmixingmofmfoodmwithmgastricmjui
ces.mregulationmofmamslow,mcontrolledmemptyingmofmfoodmintomthemintestine.msexretionmofmthemfactor
mformB12.mdestructionmofmmostmbacteria.
sphinctermmalfunctionmcorrectmanswersmcausesmacidmrefluxmdisease.
chymemcorrectmanswersmfoodmmassmasmitmhasmbeenmmixedmwithmgastricmjuices
gastricmjuicesmcorrectmanswersmdigestivemsecretionsminmstomach.mcontainmHCl,mpepsin,mmucus.mHC
lmactivatesmpepsinmtomdigestmprotein.mchildrenmhavemtwomadditinalmenzymesmrennin-
milkmprotein,mandmgastricmlipase-butterfat
salivarymamylasemcorrectmanswersmcomponentmofmsalivamthatmstartsmthemdigestionmofmstarchminmthem
mouth
duodenummcorrectmanswersmChymemmovesmthroughmthempyloricmsphinctermintomthemduodenummthem
firstmsectionmofmthemsmallmintestine.
cholecytokininm(cck)mcorrectmanswersmtriggersmgallbladdermtomreleasembilemformthemdigestionmofmfat
pancreaticmamylasemcorrectmanswersmconvertsmstarchesmtomsimplemsugars
pancreaticmlipasemcorrectmanswersmreducesmfatsmtomfattymacidsmandmglycerol
, smallmintestineminmdigestionmcorrectmanswersmmostmnutrientsmabsorbed.mbreaksmdownmlactosemmalt
osemandmsucrose.
fatmsolublemvitaminmdeficencymcorrectmanswersmoccurminmthosemwithmchronicmmalabsorbtionmdiseas
emsuchmasmcysticmfibrosis,mceliac,mandmchronsmdisease.
fatmsoluble.mvitaminsmcorrectmanswersmAmDmEmK.mnotmlostmeasilyminmcookingmbutmlostmwithmmineral
moil.maftermabsprbtionmtheym aremtransportedmthroughmthembodymbymlipoproteins.mmegadosesmmoremc
ommonmbecausemtheymaremstored
VitaminmAmcorrectmanswersmAnmantioxidantmplaysmanmimportantmroleminmvision,mbonemgrowth,mrepr
oduction,mcellmdivision,mantioxidant,mregulatesmimmunemsystem.
retinolmcorrectmanswersmThemactivemformmofmvitaminmA.mPreformedmvitaminmA
carotenoidsmcorrectmanswersmProvitaminmA.mThinkmcarrotsmandmothermorangemandmgreenmfruits.mMa
ymreducemthemriskmofmcancer
ricketsmcorrectmanswersmDeficiencymdiseasemcausedmbymamlackmofmvitaminmD;mcausesmmalformedmb
onesmandmpainminminfants
DeficiencymofmvitaminmDmcorrectmanswersmMaymleadmtomosteomalaciamwhichmthenmcanmevolveminto
mosteoporosis
VitaminmEmcorrectmanswersmantioxidant.mEssentialmformprotectionmofmcellmstructure,mespeciallymofmr
edmbloodmcells
vitaminmKmcorrectmanswersmessentialminmbloodmclotting.mdeficiencymleadsmtomhemorrhaging.
thiaminemcorrectmanswersmMetabolismmofmcarbohydratesmandmsomemaminomacids.mAlsomessentialmt
omnervemandmmusclemaction.mAbsorbedminmthemsmallmintestine.
riboflavinmB2mcorrectmanswersmessentialmformcarbohydratemfatmandmproteinmmetabolism.mNecessary
mformtissuemmaintenance.mAndmhealthym eyes
niacinmcorrectmanswersmServesmasmamCoenzymeminmenergymmetabolismmandmconsequentlymessential
mtomeverymbodymcell.
pellagramcorrectmanswersmDiseasemtomchoosemdeficiencymofmniacin.mCharacterizedmbymsoresmonmthem
skinmbymdiarrhea,manxiety,mconfusion,mirritability,mpoormmemory,mdizziness,mandmuntimelymdeathmif
mleftmuntreated.
vitaminmb6mcorrectmanswersmEssentialmformproteinmmetabolismmandmabsorption,maidsminmthemrelease
mofmglucosemfrommglycogen,maminomacidsmpresentminmexcessivemamountsmcanmbemconvertedmtomthos
eminmwhichmthembodymismtemporarilymdeficient
m m m m m m m m
AbsorptionmcorrectmanswersmTakingmupmofmnutrientsminmthemintestines
AdiposemtissuemcorrectmanswersmFattymtissue
AerobicmmetabolismmcorrectmanswersmCombiningmnutrientmoxygenmwithinmthemcell;malsomcalledmox
idation.
AlbuminmcorrectmanswersmProteinmthatmoccursminmbloodmplasma
AlkalosismcorrectmanswersmConditionminmwhichmexcessmbasemaccumulatesmin,mormacidsmaremlostmfro
m,mthembody.
AminomacidsmcorrectmanswersmNitrogenmcontainingmchemicalmcompoundsmofmwhichmproteinmismco
mposed
AmphetaminesmcorrectmanswersmDrugsmintendedmtominhibitmappetite
AnemiamcorrectmanswersmConditionmcausedmbyminsufficientmnumbermofmredmbloodmcells,mhemoglob
inmormbloodmvolume.
AnginampectorismcorrectmanswersmPainminmthemheartmmusclemduemtominadequatembloodmsupply.
arteriosclerosismcorrectmanswersmGenericmtermmformthickenedmarteries
ArthritismcorrectmanswersmChronicmdiseaseminvolvingmthemjoints
ascitesmcorrectmanswersmAbnormalmcollectionmofmfluidminmthemabdomen.
aspartamemcorrectmanswersmArtificialmsweetenermmademfrommtwomaminomacid;mdoesmnotmrequiremin
sulinmformmetabolism
aspiratedmcorrectmanswersmInhaledmormsuctioned
Atherosclerosismcorrectmanswersmamformmofmarteriolosclerosismaffectingmthemintimam(innermlining)m
ofmthemarterymwalls
avitaminosismcorrectmanswersmWithoutmvitamins
BeriberimcorrectmanswersmDeficiencymdiseasemcausedmbymlackmofmvitaminmb1mthiamine.mLegsmfeelm
heavymfeetmburnmandmmusclesmdegenerate.
BasalmmetabolismmratemBMRmcorrectmanswersmThemratematmwhichmenergymismneededmformbodymmai
ntenance.
,bilemcorrectmanswersmSecretionmofmthemliver,mstoredminmthemgallbladder,messentialmformthemdigestionm
ofmfat.
BioavailablemcorrectmanswersmThemabilitymofmamnutrientmtombemreadilymabsorbedmandmusedmbymthemb
ody
biotinmcorrectmanswersmamBmvitamin,mnecessarymformmetabolism
BolusmcorrectmanswersmFoodminmthemmouthmthatmismreadymtombemswallowed
BotulismmcorrectmanswersmDeadliestmofmfoodmpoisoning;mcostmbymthembacteriamClostridiummbotulin
um
branmcorrectmanswersmoutermcoveringmofmgrainmkernels.mContainsmmineralsmBmvitaminsmcellulosema
ndmprotein
BuffermsystemsmcorrectmanswersmProtectivemsystemsmregulatingmamountsmofmhydrogenmionsminmbod
ymfluids
CachexiamcorrectmanswersmSeveremmalnutritionmandmbodymwastingmcausedmbymchronicmdisease
calipermcorrectmanswersmMechanicalmdevicemusedmtommeasurempercentagemofmbodymfatmbymskinfoldm
measurement
nutrientsm(6)mcorrectmanswersmChemicalmsubstancesmthatmaremfoundminmfoodmandmnecessarymformgoo
dmhealth.mCarbohydrates,mfats,mproteins,mvitamins,mminerals,mwater.
EssentialmnutrientmcorrectmanswersmNutrientsmfoundmonlyminmfood
CarbohydratesmcorrectmanswersmAboutm50%mofmdiet.mProvidesmenergy.mProteinmsparingmaction.mNo
rmalmfatmmetabolism.mThreemtypes.
MonosaccharidesmcorrectmanswersmSimplestmformmofmcarbohydrates.mNomdigestionmrequired.mCanm
bemeasilymabsorbedmdirectlymintomthembloodmstreammfrommthemsmallmintestinemtheymincludemglucosem
fructosemandmgalactose
DisaccharidesmcorrectmanswersmDoublemsugars.mHydrolysismtommonosaccharides.mExamplesmaremsu
crosemmaltosemandmlactose
LactosemintolerancemcorrectmanswersmInabilitymtomdigestmlactosembecausemifmyoumlackmofmthemenzy
memlactase;mcausesmabdominalmcrampsmandmdiarrhea
PolysaccharidesmcorrectmanswersmComplexmcarbohydratesmcontainingmcombinationsmofmmonosacc
harides.mExamplesmincludemstarchmdextrinmcellulosemandmglycogen
,GlycogenmcorrectmanswersmGlucosemthatmismstoredminmthemlivermandmmuscles.mApproximatelym1/2md
aymsupplymofmenergymismstoredmasmglycogenminmthemlivermandmmuscles
FibermcorrectmanswersmIndigestiblempartsmofmplants;mabsorbsmwaterminmlargemintestine,mhelpingmtomc
reatemsoftmstool.
CellulosemcorrectmanswersmPrimarymsourcesmofmdietarymfiber
EndospermmcorrectmanswersmTheminnermpartmofmthemkernelmofmgrain;mcontainsmamcarbohydrate.mCon
tainmstarchmproteinmandmsomemBmvitamins
germmcorrectmanswersmSmallestmpartmofmthemgrainmandmismamrichmsourcemofmBmvitaminsmvitaminmEm
mineralsmandmproteins
LipidsmandmfatmcorrectmanswersmFormedmfrommglycerolmProvidesmenergy.m9mcalories
hypercholesterolemiamcorrectmanswersmUnusuallymhighmlevelsmofmcholesterolmandmblood;malsomkno
wnmasmhighmserummcholesterol.mCommonminmclientsmwithmatherosclerosis.
plaquemcorrectmanswersmFattymdepositmonminteriormofmarterymwalls.mWhenmplaquemblocksmthemheartm
amheartmattackmoccurs.mWhenmitmblocksmthembrainmamstrokemoccurs.
functionmofmstomachmcorrectmanswersmtemporarymstoragemofmfood.mmixingmofmfoodmwithmgastricmjui
ces.mregulationmofmamslow,mcontrolledmemptyingmofmfoodmintomthemintestine.msexretionmofmthemfactor
mformB12.mdestructionmofmmostmbacteria.
sphinctermmalfunctionmcorrectmanswersmcausesmacidmrefluxmdisease.
chymemcorrectmanswersmfoodmmassmasmitmhasmbeenmmixedmwithmgastricmjuices
gastricmjuicesmcorrectmanswersmdigestivemsecretionsminmstomach.mcontainmHCl,mpepsin,mmucus.mHC
lmactivatesmpepsinmtomdigestmprotein.mchildrenmhavemtwomadditinalmenzymesmrennin-
milkmprotein,mandmgastricmlipase-butterfat
salivarymamylasemcorrectmanswersmcomponentmofmsalivamthatmstartsmthemdigestionmofmstarchminmthem
mouth
duodenummcorrectmanswersmChymemmovesmthroughmthempyloricmsphinctermintomthemduodenummthem
firstmsectionmofmthemsmallmintestine.
cholecytokininm(cck)mcorrectmanswersmtriggersmgallbladdermtomreleasembilemformthemdigestionmofmfat
pancreaticmamylasemcorrectmanswersmconvertsmstarchesmtomsimplemsugars
pancreaticmlipasemcorrectmanswersmreducesmfatsmtomfattymacidsmandmglycerol
, smallmintestineminmdigestionmcorrectmanswersmmostmnutrientsmabsorbed.mbreaksmdownmlactosemmalt
osemandmsucrose.
fatmsolublemvitaminmdeficencymcorrectmanswersmoccurminmthosemwithmchronicmmalabsorbtionmdiseas
emsuchmasmcysticmfibrosis,mceliac,mandmchronsmdisease.
fatmsoluble.mvitaminsmcorrectmanswersmAmDmEmK.mnotmlostmeasilyminmcookingmbutmlostmwithmmineral
moil.maftermabsprbtionmtheym aremtransportedmthroughmthembodymbymlipoproteins.mmegadosesmmoremc
ommonmbecausemtheymaremstored
VitaminmAmcorrectmanswersmAnmantioxidantmplaysmanmimportantmroleminmvision,mbonemgrowth,mrepr
oduction,mcellmdivision,mantioxidant,mregulatesmimmunemsystem.
retinolmcorrectmanswersmThemactivemformmofmvitaminmA.mPreformedmvitaminmA
carotenoidsmcorrectmanswersmProvitaminmA.mThinkmcarrotsmandmothermorangemandmgreenmfruits.mMa
ymreducemthemriskmofmcancer
ricketsmcorrectmanswersmDeficiencymdiseasemcausedmbymamlackmofmvitaminmD;mcausesmmalformedmb
onesmandmpainminminfants
DeficiencymofmvitaminmDmcorrectmanswersmMaymleadmtomosteomalaciamwhichmthenmcanmevolveminto
mosteoporosis
VitaminmEmcorrectmanswersmantioxidant.mEssentialmformprotectionmofmcellmstructure,mespeciallymofmr
edmbloodmcells
vitaminmKmcorrectmanswersmessentialminmbloodmclotting.mdeficiencymleadsmtomhemorrhaging.
thiaminemcorrectmanswersmMetabolismmofmcarbohydratesmandmsomemaminomacids.mAlsomessentialmt
omnervemandmmusclemaction.mAbsorbedminmthemsmallmintestine.
riboflavinmB2mcorrectmanswersmessentialmformcarbohydratemfatmandmproteinmmetabolism.mNecessary
mformtissuemmaintenance.mAndmhealthym eyes
niacinmcorrectmanswersmServesmasmamCoenzymeminmenergymmetabolismmandmconsequentlymessential
mtomeverymbodymcell.
pellagramcorrectmanswersmDiseasemtomchoosemdeficiencymofmniacin.mCharacterizedmbymsoresmonmthem
skinmbymdiarrhea,manxiety,mconfusion,mirritability,mpoormmemory,mdizziness,mandmuntimelymdeathmif
mleftmuntreated.
vitaminmb6mcorrectmanswersmEssentialmformproteinmmetabolismmandmabsorption,maidsminmthemrelease
mofmglucosemfrommglycogen,maminomacidsmpresentminmexcessivemamountsmcanmbemconvertedmtomthos
eminmwhichmthembodymismtemporarilymdeficient
