NEW WGU D487 OA EXAM ACTUAL EXAM LATEST COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (100 CORRECT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS) A NEW UPDATED VERSION

WGU D236 pathophysiology OA
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Questions and Answers 2023/202
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4 | Complete Guide GRADED A+
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, WGU D236 pathophysiology OA Exam Study Guide 2023/2024 Q
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uestions and Answers Graded A+
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WhatgisgStarling'sgLawgofgCapillarygforces?


Howgdoesgthisgexplaingwhygagnutritionallygdeficientgchildgwouldghavegedema?


-

☑☑Starling'sgLawgdescribesghowgfluidsgmovegacrossgthegcapillarygmembrane.gTheregaregtwogmajorgop
g




posinggforcesgthatgactgtogbalancegeachgother,ghydrostaticgpressureg(pushinggwatergoutgofgthegcapillaries)g

andgosmoticgpressureg(includinggonconticgpressure,gwhichgpushesgfluidgintogthegcapillaries).




Bothgelectrolytesgandgproteinsg(onconticgpressure)gingthegbloodgaffectgosmoticgpressure,ghighg

electrolytegandgproteingconcentrationsgingthegbloodgwouldgcausegwatergtogleavegthegcellsgandg

interstitialgspacegandgentergthegbloodgstreamgtogdilutegtheghighgconcentrations.




On,gthegotherghand,glowgelectrolytegandgproteingconcentrationsg(asgseengingagnutritionallygdeficientgchild

)gwouldgcausegwatergtogleavegthegcapillariesgandgentergthegcellsgandginterstitialgfluidgwhichgcangleadgtoged

ema.




HowgdoesgthegRAASg(Renin-Angiotensin-

AldosteronegSystem)gresultgingincreasedgbloodgvolumegandgincreasedgbloodgpressure?


-

☑☑Agdropgingbloodgpressuregisgsensedgbygthegkidneysgbyglowgperfusion,gwhichgingturngbeginsgtogsecre
g




tegrenin.

,Reningthengtriggersgtheglivergtogproducegangiotensinogen,gwhichgisgconvertedgtogAngiotensingIgingtheglun

gsgandgthengangiotensingIIgbygthegenzyme




Angiotensin-

convertinggenzymeg(ACE).gAngiotensingIIgstimulatesgperipheralgarterialgvasoconstrictiongwhichgraisesgBP.




AngiotensingIIgisgalsogstimulatinggthegadrenalgglandgtogreleasegaldosterone,gwhichgactsgtogincreasegsodiu

mgandgwatergreabsorptiongincreasinggbloodgvolume,gwhilegalsogincreasedgpotassiumgsecretiongingurine.




Howgcanghyperkalemiagleadgtogcardiacgarrest?


-

☑☑Normalglevelsgofgpotassiumgaregbetweeng3.5gandg5.2gmEq/dL.gHyperkalemiagrefersgtogpotassiumg
g




levelsghighergthatg5.2gmEq/dL.




Agmajorgfunctiongofgpotassiumgisgtogconductgnervegimpulsesgingmuscles.gTooglowgandgmusclegweaknessgo

ccursgandgtoogmuchgcangcausegmusclegspasms.




Thisgisgespeciallygdangerousgingthegheartgmusclegandgangirregulargheartbeatgcangcausegagheartgattack

, ThegbodygusesgthegProteingBufferinggSystem,gPhosphategBufferinggSystem,gandgCarbonicgAcid-

g BicarbonategSystemgtogregulategandgmaintainghomeostaticgpH,gwhatgisgthegconsequencegofgagpHgimbala

nce


- ☑☑ProteinsgcontaingmanygacidicgandgbasicggroupgthatgcangbegaffectedgbygpHgchanges.gAnygincreaseg

orgdecreasegingbloodgpHgcangaltergthegstructuregofgthegproteing(denature),gtherebygaffectinggitsgfunctiong

asgwell




Describegtheglaboratorygfindingsgassociatedgwithgmetabolicgacidosis,gmetabolicgalkalosis,grespiratorygaci

dosisgandgrespiratorygalkalosis.g(iegrelativegpHgandgCO2glevels).


- ☑☑NormalgABGsg(ArterialgBloodgGases)gBloodgpH:g7.35-7.45gPCO2:g35-45gmmgHggPO2:g90-

100gmmgHggHCO3-:g22-26gmEq/LgSaO2:g95-100%




RespiratorygacidosisgandgalkalosisgaregmarkedgbygchangesgingPCO2.gHigherg=gacidosisgandglowerg=galkalos

is




MetabolicgacidosisgandgalkalosisgaregcausedgbygsomethinggothergthangabnormalgCO2glevels.gThisgcouldgin

cludegtoxicity,gdiabetes,grenalgfailuregorgexcessivegGIglosses.