NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Chamberlain College Exam Practice Questions with Verified Answers

NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Chamberlain College Exam Practice Questions with Verified Answers 3 characteristics of bronchitis - ANSWER-bronchial inflammation hypersecretion of mucus chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive years .3 layers of the bronchioles - ANSWER-innermost layer middle layer - lamina propria outermost layer .Acute Kidney Injury - ANSWER-Sudden decline in kidney function with a decrease in GFR and an increase in plasma creatinine and BUN levels -results in oliguria .After air passes through the trachea where does it go? - ANSWER-goes into the left or right bronchi .Afterload - ANSWER-the amount of resistance to open the semilunar valves and eject of blood from the ventricle .alveolar hyperinflation - ANSWER-When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside .anemia risk factors - ANSWER-acute or chronic blood loss, increased hemolysis, inadequate dietary intake or malabsorption, bone marrow suppression, age .angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) - ANSWER-an enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II .Ascending infection - ANSWER-- urethra to bladder, and then to kidney - due to: bacteria from residual fecal contamination .Asthma - ANSWER-Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive inflammatory response in the bronchioles .average amount of preload? - ANSWER-120-130 mls .Azoetmia - ANSWER-presence of elevated plasma creatinine .benign prostatic hyperplasia - ANSWER-benign growth of cells within the prostate gland .Biventricular failure - ANSWER-unresolved left sided heart failure will increase pressure on the right side of the heart contributing to right sided heart failure as well .Bladder anatomy - ANSWER-- ureter - bladder -urethra .blood cell formation in adults over 20 - ANSWER-red marrow in large bones -illium, vertebrae, cranium, jaw, sternum, ribs, humerus, and femur .Blood cell formation in chidren 0-5 years old - ANSWER-red marrow of all bones to make blood cells .blood hydrostatic pressure - ANSWER-the pressure produced by a fluid against a surface .BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) - ANSWER-Age-associated prostate gland enlargement that can cause urination difficulty. .BPH treatment - ANSWER-- Alpha-adrenergic antagonists: terazosin, doxazosin - 5-alpha reductase inhibitors: finasteride, dutasteride - Transurethral prostatectomy - Open prostatectomy .Bronchioles - ANSWER-smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that become the alveoli .bronchitis - ANSWER-inflammation of the bronchial tubes .cardiac reserve - ANSWER-difference between resting and maximal CO; should be about 4-5x as high but does decrease 1% per year after age 30 .causes of anemia - ANSWER-- impaired RBC production - excessive blood loss - increased RBC destruction .Causes of bronchitis - ANSWER--long term exposure to environmental irritants -repeated episodes of acute infection (RSV infection in early infancy) -Factors affecting gestational childhood lung development (preterm birth) .causes of hemolytic anemia - ANSWER-infection transfusion reaction hemolytic disease of the newborn (Rh incompatibility) autoimmune reaction drug induced .causes of high output failure - ANSWER-Severe anemia Nutritional deficiencies Hyperthyroidism Sepsis Extreme febrile state .Causes of intrarenal disease - ANSWER-ATN Acute glomerulonephritis .causes of kidney stones - ANSWER-Family HX, chronic dehydration and infection, dietary factors, medications, imobility. Stoned more common in men than women usually ages 30/50.