PHIL 201 Exam 1 (Metaphysics) LU
Hinkson Questions with complete
solution 2025 updated
What was the problem of the One and the Many? - correct answer ✔What is
the ultimate reality that underlies all things, and how is everything else related
to it?
(Also continuity and change: "What is the continuous reality that is undergoing
change?")
What was the basic "stuff" of reality according to each Presocratic philosopher
studied? - correct answer ✔Thales - Water
Anaximander - Apeiron (indeterminate boundless)
Anaximenes - Air
Heraclitus - Fire
Parmenides - "One"
Pluralist - Small particles of being moving around in the void, colliding and
sticking together
Pythagoras - Everything is numbers
Reason (or Logos) was a crucial concept for which philosopher? - correct
answer ✔Heraclitus
Who believed that permanence was an illusion? - correct answer
✔Heraclitus
Who believed that change was an illusion? - correct answer ✔Parmenides
(and Zeno)
, "Nous" was a crucial concept for which of the Presocratics? Who praised him
for his claim that it was the source of all order in the universe? - correct
answer ✔Anaxagoras (pluralist) believed that "nous" (mind) was the source
of all. Aristotle praised him (An. spoke like a "sober man").
Who proposed the first theory of evolution? - correct answer ✔Anaximander
What was Parmenides' understanding of reality? - correct answer ✔"That
which is /is/, and what is not /is not/. There is not state of being between the
two. No Void or absence of being."
It is a material, motionless, changeless, infinitely extended, and fully-occupied
being.
Change is an illusion and permanence is all there is.
Who was the first to distinguish between appearance and reality? Which
subsequent, extremely influential, philosopher did he influence by means of
this distinction? - correct answer ✔Parmenides distinguished between
appearance and reality. This idea later influenced Plato
To which philosophers was Plato responding when he proposed his theory of
Forms? - correct answer ✔Plato responded to Heraclitus and Protagoras
Why is reality unknowable if Heraclitus is right? - correct answer ✔If
everything is in a state of constant change, you learn a concept only for it to
change. It doesn't stay the same long enough to be known
Hinkson Questions with complete
solution 2025 updated
What was the problem of the One and the Many? - correct answer ✔What is
the ultimate reality that underlies all things, and how is everything else related
to it?
(Also continuity and change: "What is the continuous reality that is undergoing
change?")
What was the basic "stuff" of reality according to each Presocratic philosopher
studied? - correct answer ✔Thales - Water
Anaximander - Apeiron (indeterminate boundless)
Anaximenes - Air
Heraclitus - Fire
Parmenides - "One"
Pluralist - Small particles of being moving around in the void, colliding and
sticking together
Pythagoras - Everything is numbers
Reason (or Logos) was a crucial concept for which philosopher? - correct
answer ✔Heraclitus
Who believed that permanence was an illusion? - correct answer
✔Heraclitus
Who believed that change was an illusion? - correct answer ✔Parmenides
(and Zeno)
, "Nous" was a crucial concept for which of the Presocratics? Who praised him
for his claim that it was the source of all order in the universe? - correct
answer ✔Anaxagoras (pluralist) believed that "nous" (mind) was the source
of all. Aristotle praised him (An. spoke like a "sober man").
Who proposed the first theory of evolution? - correct answer ✔Anaximander
What was Parmenides' understanding of reality? - correct answer ✔"That
which is /is/, and what is not /is not/. There is not state of being between the
two. No Void or absence of being."
It is a material, motionless, changeless, infinitely extended, and fully-occupied
being.
Change is an illusion and permanence is all there is.
Who was the first to distinguish between appearance and reality? Which
subsequent, extremely influential, philosopher did he influence by means of
this distinction? - correct answer ✔Parmenides distinguished between
appearance and reality. This idea later influenced Plato
To which philosophers was Plato responding when he proposed his theory of
Forms? - correct answer ✔Plato responded to Heraclitus and Protagoras
Why is reality unknowable if Heraclitus is right? - correct answer ✔If
everything is in a state of constant change, you learn a concept only for it to
change. It doesn't stay the same long enough to be known
