PHIL 201 VCU Exam 1 Question and
answers already passed 2025
Peter Singer's drowning child example - correct answer ✔shows that we
must be held responsible.
Singer says that - correct answer ✔In comparison with the needs of people
going short of food in Rwanda, the desire to sample the wines of Australia's
best vineyards pales into insignificance.
Singer's by standing thought - correct answer ✔"if a being suffers, there can
be no moral justification to refusing to take that suffering into consideration..."
Marquis' Argument Wrongness of Abortion (P1) - correct answer ✔P1. It is
prima facie seriously wrong to kill an individual if doing so would deprive it of a
future like ours. (The FLO Theory)
Marquis' Argument Wrongness of Abortion (C) - correct answer ✔C.
Therefore, it is prima facie seriously wrong to kill a normal human fetus.
Marquis' Argument Wrongness of Abortion (P2) - correct answer ✔P2. Killing
a normal human fetus would deprive it of a future like ours.
Marquis exceptions to the prima facie rule: - correct answer ✔Presumably
abortion could be justified in some circumstances, only if the loss consequent
on failing to abort would be at least as great. They occur so early in pregnancy
that a fetus is not yet definitely an individual.
Marquis objection to contraceptives: - correct answer ✔The immorality of
contraception is not entailed by the loss of a future-like-ours argument simply
, because there is no non arbitrarily identifiable subject of the loss in the case of
contraception.
Thomson's violinist example: - correct answer ✔is intended to demonstrate
that we can grant that the fetus is a person and still believe that abortion is
morally permissible.
Thomson's Henry Forda example: - correct answer ✔You ought to let the
violinist use your kidneys for the one hour he needs, we should not conclude
that he has a right to do so. And similarly, a case in which a woman pregnant
due to rape ought to allow the unborn person to use her body for the hour he
needs, we should not conclude that he has a right to do so; we should
conclude that she is self-centered, callous, indecent, but not unjust, if she
refuses.
Thomson's "people-seeds" example: - correct answer ✔To illustrate an
example of pregnancy due to voluntary intercourse, suppose it were like this:
people-seeds drift about in the air like pollen, and if you open your windows,
one may drift in and take root in your carpets or upholstery.
Warren's "personhood" 1 - correct answer ✔sentience—consciousness and
capacity to feel pain
Warren's "personhood" 2 - correct answer ✔reasoning—ability to problem
solve
Warren's "personhood" 3 - correct answer ✔can perform actions separate
from those under biological or authoritative control (can act in accordance to
his or her own free will)
answers already passed 2025
Peter Singer's drowning child example - correct answer ✔shows that we
must be held responsible.
Singer says that - correct answer ✔In comparison with the needs of people
going short of food in Rwanda, the desire to sample the wines of Australia's
best vineyards pales into insignificance.
Singer's by standing thought - correct answer ✔"if a being suffers, there can
be no moral justification to refusing to take that suffering into consideration..."
Marquis' Argument Wrongness of Abortion (P1) - correct answer ✔P1. It is
prima facie seriously wrong to kill an individual if doing so would deprive it of a
future like ours. (The FLO Theory)
Marquis' Argument Wrongness of Abortion (C) - correct answer ✔C.
Therefore, it is prima facie seriously wrong to kill a normal human fetus.
Marquis' Argument Wrongness of Abortion (P2) - correct answer ✔P2. Killing
a normal human fetus would deprive it of a future like ours.
Marquis exceptions to the prima facie rule: - correct answer ✔Presumably
abortion could be justified in some circumstances, only if the loss consequent
on failing to abort would be at least as great. They occur so early in pregnancy
that a fetus is not yet definitely an individual.
Marquis objection to contraceptives: - correct answer ✔The immorality of
contraception is not entailed by the loss of a future-like-ours argument simply
, because there is no non arbitrarily identifiable subject of the loss in the case of
contraception.
Thomson's violinist example: - correct answer ✔is intended to demonstrate
that we can grant that the fetus is a person and still believe that abortion is
morally permissible.
Thomson's Henry Forda example: - correct answer ✔You ought to let the
violinist use your kidneys for the one hour he needs, we should not conclude
that he has a right to do so. And similarly, a case in which a woman pregnant
due to rape ought to allow the unborn person to use her body for the hour he
needs, we should not conclude that he has a right to do so; we should
conclude that she is self-centered, callous, indecent, but not unjust, if she
refuses.
Thomson's "people-seeds" example: - correct answer ✔To illustrate an
example of pregnancy due to voluntary intercourse, suppose it were like this:
people-seeds drift about in the air like pollen, and if you open your windows,
one may drift in and take root in your carpets or upholstery.
Warren's "personhood" 1 - correct answer ✔sentience—consciousness and
capacity to feel pain
Warren's "personhood" 2 - correct answer ✔reasoning—ability to problem
solve
Warren's "personhood" 3 - correct answer ✔can perform actions separate
from those under biological or authoritative control (can act in accordance to
his or her own free will)
