Soils Exam #1 Prep Questions And Answers All Correct.

Who is the "father" of soil mechanics? - correct answer Karl Terzaghi What was Karl Terzaghi's principle? - correct answer effective stress What are the three types of weathering? - correct answer biological, physical, chemical What are some factors that influence weathering? - correct answer mineral composition, joints, slope, climate, vegetation, animals What are two types of soil? - correct answer residual and transported What is the term for transportation of regolith? - correct answer erosion For residual soil, rate of formation/weathering is ____ than the rate of transport - correct answer faster Soil transported by wind? - correct answer eolian Soil transported by rivers? - correct answer fluvial Soil transported by lakes? - correct answer lacustrine Soil transported by oceans? - correct answer marine Soil transported by gravity? - correct answer colluvial Soil transported by glaciers? - correct answer glacial Gravel particle size is greater than ____? - correct answer 4.75 mm Sand particle size is between ____ and ____? - correct answer 0.075 mm, 4.75 mm Silt particle size is between ____ and ____? - correct answer 0.002 mm, 0.075 mm Clay particle size is less than ____? - correct answer 0.002 mm What are two basic building blocks of clay structures? - correct answer tetrahedral units and octahedral units What is the ratio of surface area to mass? - correct answer specific surface As particle size decreases, specific surface ____? - correct answer increases As interparticle forces increase, specific surface ____? - correct answer increases Cation substitution within clay structure? - correct answer isomorphous substitution As charge deficiency and specific surface increase, the clay gets ____ reactive - correct answer more ____ valence electrons tend to replace ____ valence electrons in isomorphous substitution - correct answer higher, lower Isomorphous substitution can cause ____ to form in clay? - correct answer voids What are two types of clay particle distribution? - correct answer flocculated and dispersed Flocculated particles have ____ pores than dispersed particles - correct answer more What are the three goals of soil compaction? - correct answer increase strength, decrease compressibility, decrease permeability What type of soil is kneading compaction effective for? - correct answer fine-grained soils Kneading compaction uses what type of roller? - correct answer tamping-foot/sheepsfoot roller What type of soil is static compaction effective for? - correct answer finishing soils Static compaction uses what type of roller? - correct answer steel-drum/smooth-wheel roller What type of soil is vibratory compaction effective for? - correct answer coarse-grained soils Vibratory compaction uses what type of roller? - correct answer vibratory steel-drum roller What are four types of compaction? - correct answer kneading, static, vibratory, impact What type of soil is impact compaction effective for? - correct answer granular deposits, mine spoils, loosely dumped fills, landfills What are two types of Proctor Compaction Tests? Which one uses more energy? - correct answer standard and modified; modified Compaction is a function of what four variables? - correct answer dry density, water content, soil type, compactive effort The modified effort line will be ____ the standard effort line on a graph - correct answer above For clayey soils, maximum dry unit weight tends to ____ as LL/PL increases - correct answer decrease For well-graded soils, maximum dry unit weight tends to ____ as gradation increases - correct answer increase As water content increases, hydraulic conductivity ____ - correct answer decreases As water content increases, strength ____ - correct answer decreases The key to low hydraulic conductivity is compact ____ right of w(opt) for any compactive effort - correct answer wet What are four specifications of compaction? - correct answer type/weight of compactor, #/speed of passes, lift thickness, maximum particle size What are two examples of destructive compaction tests? - correct answer sand cone, balloon method What are three examples of non-destructive tests? - correct answer nuclear density gage, soil stiffness gage, time-domain reflectometry Why compact in lifts? - correct answer ensure thorough compaction and uniform engineering properties