BIO 669 Exam 1 EC | Questions And Answers | Verified Study Solutions 2024/2026 Tests

BIO 669 Exam 1 EC | Questions And Answers | Verified Study Solutions 2024/2026 Tests ______ helps balance out the sodium in terms of electrical effects, providing electroneutrality. a) Potassium b) Chloride c) Calcium d) Magnesium - ANSWER-B. Chloride ._________ have similar effects to histamine in later stages A: prostaglandins B: Eosinaphils C: Leukotrienes D: Platelet-activating factors - ANSWER-C: Leukotrienes ._________ is the most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid? a. Ca++ b. Mg++ c. Na+ d. K+ - ANSWER-C. Na+ .__________ arrive at the site of an injury/infection within 6-12 hours, are considered mature, are sensitive to acidic environments, and have a primary role of removing debris/dead cells. a. Eosinophils b. Neutrophils c. Monocytes d. Basophils - ANSWER-B. Neutrophils .__________ circulate in the blood and defend against extracellular microbes and microbial toxins. A.) Antigens B.) Lymphocytes C.) Plasma Cells D.) Antibodies - ANSWER-D. Antibodies .__________ is the main cation, ___________ charged ion in the blood. Chloride, positively Hydrogen, negatively Sodium, positively Potassium, negatively - ANSWER-sodium, positively .__________ phagocytes help to limit and control inflammation? a. Macrophage b. Lymphocyte c. Eosinophil d. Neutrophil - ANSWER-C. Eosinophil .___________ are the most effective in presenting antigen to naive immunocompetent Th cells? - ANSWER-Dendritic Cells .____________ reactions are mediated by antigen-specific _____ and the products of tissue mast cells. a. ) Type 1 hypersensitivity, IgE b.) Type 2 hypersensitivity, IgE c.) Type 1 hypersensitivity, IgG d.) Type 2 hypersensitivity, IgG - ANSWER-A. Type 1 hypersensitivity, IgE ._____________ positioning is flexion of arms, wrists, fingers with adduction in upper extremities. a. ) Decerebrate b. ) Decorticate c.) Tonic Clonic d.) Extensor - ANSWER-B. Decorticate ._______________ causes muscle wasting (cachexia) and intravascular thrombosis - ANSWER-TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor) .__________________ forces pull fluid from the capillaries in to the interstitial space and ______________ forces push fluid from the interstitial space back in to the capillaries. - ANSWER-osmotic; hydrostatic .________________are the cell needed to kill bacteria in the early inflammation stages. A. neutrophils B. basophils C. eosinophils - ANSWER-A. neutrophils .(blank) is secreted by the posterior pituitary in response to an increase in plasma osmolality or a decrease in circulating blood volume. a. ACE b. ADH c. H20 d. ECF - ANSWER-b. ADH (antidiuretic hormone) .(blank) is the most prevalent ICF ion. It is required in order for glycogen to be able cross liver and skeletal muscle cells. If insulin is given when levels are low this may lead to an dangerously low levels of this ion. - ANSWER-Potassium .1. A patient in the Medical ICU has +3 pitting edema in the extremities, jaundice, icterus, and a grossly distended abdomen. Labs show that his albumin levels are 1.2. Which option below describe the process behind the ascites and pitting edema ? A. Decreased hydrostatic pressure B. Decreased capillary oncotic pressure C. Increased Interstitial hydrostatic pressure D. Decreased interstitial oncotic pressure - ANSWER-B- decreased capillary oncotic pressure .2. While performing an incision and drainage of an abscess, the patient states they can feel sharp pain. What could you do differently to effectively numb the patient? A. Inject the abscess with additional anesthetic B. Move further away from the abscess, out of the area of infection, and inject with anesthetic C. Expect the patient to feel sharp pain because you cannot completely numb the area D. Attempt to numb the area with a different anesthetic - ANSWER-B. Move further away from the abscess, out of the area of infection, and inject with anesthetic the pH surrounding an area of infection is lowers creating an acidic environment that will not allow the anesthetic to enter the cell. By moving away from the infection, you can successfully numb the area. .2.) What are two early symptoms of metabolic acidosis? A.) Headache and Lethargy B.) Confusion and Coma C.) Diarrhea and Nausea D.)Blurred Vision and Dizziness - ANSWER-A. Headache and Lethargy .7.36 ph, high CO2 and high bicarbonate indicates - ANSWER-fully compensated respiratory acidosis .A _______ is caused by an excess protein that is found in the skin during healing. - ANSWER-Keloid .A __________ is a chemical that can bind excessive _______ or OH- without a significant change in PH. - ANSWER-Buffer, H+ .A 29 y/o patient arrives to the ED with symptoms of abdominal pain, recent weight loss of 10 pounds in 2 weeks, nausea and bouts of diarrhea. She states she just got back 2 days ago from a trip out of the country to Peru where she and her friends backpacked through indigenous forrest while eating "off the land", including drinking from streams and lakes they found along the way. Which class of immunoglobulins has a specialized function to defend against the suspected infection of this particular patient? a. IgM b. IgG c. IgD d. IgE - ANSWER-D. IgE (parasitic infection) .A 30 yo male presents in the ED with changes to his serum potassium levels. His EKG reveals a tall, peaked T wave. This finding on his EKG would be most consistent with: A) hypokalemia B) hyperkalemia - ANSWER-B. Hyperkalemia .A 30-year-old patient presented to the emergency department and is experiencing increased thirst, weight gain, and hypertension. Before looking at the lab results, which lab finding would you expect to find due to the patient's symptoms?