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germ cells - ✔✔oocytes and spermatozoa
typical gestation period - ✔✔40 weeks
Stage 1: Menstruation - ✔✔shedding of the endometrium and decrease in estrogen and
progesterone
Stage 2: Follicular Phase - ✔✔pre-ovulation and prepare of the release of an ovum.
Follicle stimulating hormone and estrogen.
Stage 3: Ovulation - ✔✔ovum released from follicle and drawn into fallopian tube. Rise
in estrogen
Stage 4: Luteal phase - ✔✔cilia stimulated, push the ovum down the fallopian tube to
uterus. Follicle transforms to corpus luteum. progesterone releases and uterine wall
thickens to prep for the egg.
How long is pregnancy? - ✔✔40 weeks from the first day of the last menstrual period
Where does fertilization occur? - ✔✔lower 1/2 of fallopian tube
zygote - ✔✔a fertilized egg with half egg and sperm genetic material
12-16 blastocytes - ✔✔travels to uterus
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,When does the blastocysts implant into the uterus - ✔✔6 days
embryonic period - ✔✔2-8 weeks after conception. organs developing. teratogenicity is
a major concern.
Fetal period - ✔✔9 weeks - birth
infertility - ✔✔not able to get pregnant while having unprotected sex for 1 year.
Hegar's sign - ✔✔softening and compressibility of lower uterus
Goodell's sign - ✔✔softening of cervical tip
Chadwick's sign - ✔✔Bluish purple discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia during
pregnancy as a result of increased vascular congestion, at 6 weeks.
Testing in first trimester - ✔✔urine pregnancy test
CBC differential
Blood type + Rh factor
Rubella, hep C, HIV, ect.
pap smear
amniocentesis
well being
Testing in the second trimester - ✔✔Repeat CBC 24-26 weeks
glucose tolerance
MSAPD
amniocentesis
well being
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, Testing in third trimester - ✔✔Group B testing in 36 weeks
screening + Diagnostic ultrasound
well being
Monitoring 1st/2nd trimester - ✔✔1/month
3rd trimester (28 weeks) - ✔✔2 weeks
36 weeks - ✔✔weekly
primary prevention - ✔✔sex education, prenatal health education, drug cessation,
avoidance of toxins, supplementation
secondary prevention - ✔✔early detection of disease, continue prenatal care into second
trimester, screen mothers health also
collaborative interventions - ✔✔management and treatment of pregnancy related
conditions
Analgesics - ✔✔pain relievers
antiemetics - ✔✔nausea/vomiting
folic acid - ✔✔prevent neural tube defects
Ferros sulfate (iron) - ✔✔iron to fetus/RBC
laxatives - ✔✔pregnancy constipation
progesterone - ✔✔uterine relaxation
Rho immuglobin (Rhogam) - ✔✔prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn
Shoulder Dystocia - ✔✔fetal should stuck under pelvic bone. hypoxia or acidosis for
newborn. repositioning.
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