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The process by which human beings produce a new individual. The total process by
which organisms produce offspring. - ✔✔Reproduction
These cells carry the genetic materials needed for conception and genetic material. -
✔✔Reproductive cells (Such as oocytes or spermatocytes)
The formation and development of germ cells, oocytes, and spermatocytes. -
✔✔Gametogenesis
Gametogenesis occurs through _____. - ✔✔Meiosis
The process of egg formation. - ✔✔Oogenesis
The formation of a germ cell to a sperm cell. - ✔✔Spermatogenesis
An oocyte matures to an _____. - ✔✔Ovum
What are the two populations at greatest risk for problems with reproduction? -
✔✔Impoverished and adolescents
Your client is a 17 year old female that just found out she is 8 weeks gestation. Based on
her age, you suspect that she is:
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,a. At risk for problems with reproduction
b. Not at risk for problems with reproduction - ✔✔A (The very young (under 18) and
the very old (over 35) are a population that is at risk for problems with reproduction.)
Your pregnant patient has an STD. This is an example of which category risk factor for
reproduction?
a. Biophysical
b. Psychosocial
c. Sociodemographic
d. Environmental - ✔✔A (Biophysical risk factors include PID, HIV/AIDS, any STD,
chromosomal abnormalities, hypertension, heart failure, type I diabetes, and obesity.
Basically, any medical condition.)
You know that which of the following would be an example of a psychosocial risk
factor related to reproduction?
a. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
b. Secondhand smoking
c. Drug addiction
d. Lack of insurance - ✔✔C (Psychosocial risk factors include: Isolation, anxiety,
depression, spousal abuse or inter partner violence, drug and alcohol use and
addiction.)
Formation of a viable zygote. - ✔✔Conception
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,A process that interferes with the normal process of ovulation, fertilization, and
implantation. - ✔✔Contraception
The union of a spermatozoal nucleus with an egg nucleus to form the primary nucleus
of an embryo - ✔✔Fertilization
Carrying of an embryo or fetus inside the uterus from conception until birth. -
✔✔Gestation
Refers to the embryonic or fetal age plus two weeks (approximately the duration since
the woman's last menstrual period (LMP) began. - ✔✔Gestational age
List 5 causes of male infertility. - ✔✔1. Low testosterone levels
2. Undescended testes
3. Varicocele
4. Low sperm count/no sperm count
5. Infections
List 3 causes of female infertility. - ✔✔1. Uterine abnormalities
2. Hormonal problems
3. Infections
Describe of process of reproduction/fertilization. - ✔✔An oocyte is created through the
process of oogenesis. During ovulation, the ovum (mature oocyte) drops into the distal
third of the fallopian tube. During intercourse, the sperm travels through the vagina,
past the cervix, then into the uterus. The sperm swims around to find the ovum in the
distal third of the fallopian tube. When the sperm finds the ovum, it fertilizes the egg.
When the nucleus of the fertilized cell splits, it forms a zygote (day 1). For a few days,
the zygote keeps splitting until it gets to 16 cells, then it is called a morula. It becomes at
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, blastocyst at day 5 then implants into the endometrium. This entire time the cell is
traveling from the distal third of the fallopian tube to the fundus of the uterus.
The main hormone involved with labor and delivery. It causes labor contractions, and
prevents hemorrhaging right after delivery. - ✔✔Oxytocin
From 6-8 days until 8 weeks gestation, a baby is called what? - ✔✔Embryo
From 9 weeks gestation on, a baby is called what? - ✔✔A fetus
How long is an egg viable for? - ✔✔24 hours
These two hormones peak right before ovulation, to cause the ovum to be released into
the fallopian tube. - ✔✔FSH and LH
How long does it take for the fertilized egg to travel from the ampulla of the fallopian
tube to the uterus to implant? - ✔✔Up to 7 days, it varies.
A fertilized egg - ✔✔Zygote
The process of the blastocyst implanting in the uterus releases which hormone,
commonly used for pregnancy tests? - ✔✔HCG
The period from fertilization (Day 0) to 2 weeks is called what? - ✔✔Pre-embryonic
period
Which period is most critical in the development of the organ systems and main
features of a fetus? - ✔✔Embryonic period (Week 2-8)
What are the three layers of the blastocyst? - ✔✔1. Ectoderm
2. Mesoderm
3. Endoderm
In the fetal period, the fetus grows how much per day? - ✔✔1.5%
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