Biology 111 Exam Chapter 8,9,10,11 Questions and Answers

Biology 111 Exam Chapter 8,9,10,11
Questions and Answers

A cross of F1 plants produce what sort of generation? - ANSWER-an F2
generation


.A heterozygous genotype has what sort of alleles? - ANSWER-2 different alleles


.A homozygous genotype has what sort of alleles? - ANSWER-Identical


.Achondroplasia - ANSWER-dwarfism (1/25,000)


.Albinism - ANSWER-lack of pigment in skin, hair and eyes (1/22,000 incidence)


.Alzheimer's Disease - ANSWER-mental deterioration; usually strikes late in life
(incidence rate is unkown)


.Before a eukaryotic cell begins to divide, it duplicates all of its chromosomes,
resulting in.... - ANSWER-- sister chromatids
- centromere

,.Cystic Fibrosis - ANSWER-Excess mucus in lungs, digestive tract, liver; increased
susceptibility to infections; death in early childhood unless treated (1/2,500
incidence in Caucasians)


.Does Meiosis II follow the same procedure as mitosis? - ANSWER-Yes


.Does the process of cytokinesis differ in animal and plant cells? - ANSWER-Yes


.Eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of chromatin consisting of...... -
ANSWER-- one long DNA molecule
- Proteins (histones) that help maintain the chromosome structure and "pack"
them into the nucleus


.Eukaryotic mRNA undergoes processing before leaving what? - ANSWER-
nucleus


.Galactosemia - ANSWER-accumulation of galactose in tissues; mental
retardation; eye and liver damage (1/100,000)


.Homologous chromosomes are matched in..... - ANSWER-- length
- centromere position
- gene locations


.Homozygous Dominant VS Recessive - ANSWER-homozygous dominant - AA
homozygous recessive - Aa

,.How are karyotypes produced? - ANSWER-From dividing cells arrested at
metaphase of mitosis


.How does cytokinesis occur in animals? - ANSWER-- a cleavage furrow forms
from a contracting ring of microfilaments, interacting with myosin, and
- the cleavage furrow deepens to separate the contents into two cells.


.How does cytokinesis occur in plant cells? - ANSWER-1) - a cell plate forms in
the middle, from vesicles containing cell wall material,
2) - the cell plate grows outward to reach the edges, dividing the contents into
two cells,
3) - each cell now possesses a plasma membrane and cell wall.


.How does DNA specify traits? - ANSWER-by dictating protein synthesis


.How does tRNA perform its task? - ANSWER-- picking up the appropriate amino
acid
- use anticodons to recognize the appropriate codons in the mRNA


.How is cancer distinguished? - ANSWER-By the site of the origin and the type of
cell affected


.Humans and many animals and plants are diploid, with body cells that
have....... - ANSWER-- two sets of chromosomes
- one from each parent

, .Huntington's Disease - ANSWER-mental deterioration and uncontrollable
movements; strikes in middle age (1/25,000)


.Hybrid offspring are the what generation? - ANSWER-The F1 generation


.Hypercholesterolemia - ANSWER-excess cholesterol in blood; heart disease
(1/500 are heterozygous)


.In 1962, who received the Nobel Prize? - ANSWER-James D. Watson, Francis
Crick, and Maurice Wilkins (Rosalind Franklin probably would have received the
prize if she didn't die of cancer in 1958)


.In genetic variation, since homologues move to opposite poles during
Anaphase I, gametes will either.....? - ANSWER-Receive either the maternal or
paternal version of the gene


.In how many stages does Binary fission occur in? - ANSWER-three


.In humans, somatic cells have...... - ANSWER-- 23 pairs of homologous
chromosomes and
- one member of each pair from each parent.


.Inherited human disorders show what? - ANSWER-- recessive inheritance in
which two recessive alleles are needed to show disease,
(heterozygous parents are carriers of the disease-causing allele)
- dominant inheritance in which one dominant allele is needed to show disease
(dominant lethal alleles are usually eliminated from the population)