BS 161 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND AN
n n n n n n
SWERS GRADED A+ n n
In nyeastnsignal ntransduction,nthenyeastncells
A) secretenmoleculesnthatnresultnin nresponsenbynothernyeastncells.
B) mustnphysicallynandndirectlyninteract.
C) producensignalnmoleculesnthatnchangenthemselvesnsontheyncanninteractnwith nonen
another.
D) producenresponsenmoleculesnthatndiffusentonothernyeastncells.
E) mate,nafternwhich nthennew ncellsnsecretenhybridnsignals.n(correctnanswer)nA
Which nofnthenfollowingnisntruenfornthensignalingnsystemninnannanimal ncellnthatnlacksnthenabilit
ynto
producenGTP?
A) Itnwouldnemploynantransduction npathwayndirectlynfromnan nexternal nmessenger.
B) Itncouldnactivatenonlynthenepinephrinensystem.
C) ItnwouldnnotnbenablentonactivatenandninactivatenthenGnproteinnonnthencytoplasmicnsidenof nt
he
plasmanmembrane.
D) ItnwouldnusenATPninsteadnofnGTPntonactivatenandninactivatenthenGnproteinnonnthenc
ytoplasmicnsidenof nthenplasmanmembrane.
E) Itnwouldnbenablentoncarrynoutnreceptionnandntransductionnbutnwouldnnotnbenablentonr
espond
tonansignal.n(correctnanswer)nC
Becausenmostnreceptorsnarenmembranenproteins,nwhich nof nthenfollowingnisnusuallyntrue?
A) Theynopen nandnclosenin nresponsentonprotein nsignals.
B) Theynchangentheirnconformation nafternbindingnwith nsignal npolypeptides.
C) Theynarenonlynattachedntononenmembranensurface:nexteriornorninterior.
,D) Theynpreferentiallynbindnwith nlipidnornglycolipidnsignal nmolecules.
E) Theynleadntonchangesninnintracellularnionnconcentration.n(correctnanswer)nBnSin
censteroidnreceptorsnarenlocatednintracellularly,nwhich nof nthenfollowingnisntrue?
A) Thenreceptornmoleculesnarenthemselvesnlipidsnornglycolipids.
B) Thensteroid/receptorncomplexncan ncrossnthennuclearnmembrane.
C) Thenreceptornmoleculesnarenfreentonmovenin nandnoutnof nmostnorganelles.
D) Thenunboundnsteroidnreceptorsnarenquicklynrecyclednbynlysosomes.
E) Thenconcentrationnofnsteroidnreceptorsnmustnbenrelativelynhigh nin nmostncells.n(correctn
answer)nB
Thenreceptorsnfornangroupnof nsignalingnmoleculesnknown nasngrowth nfactorsnarenoften
A) cyclicnAMP.
B) ligand-
gatednion nchannels.nC)neurotr
ansmitters.
D) receptorntyrosinenkinases.
E) Gnprotein-couplednreceptors.n(correctnanswer)nD
Bindingnofnansignalingnmoleculentonwhichntypenof nreceptornleadsndirectlyntonanchangeninnthe
distribution nof nionsnon noppositensidesnof nthenmembrane?
A) phosphorylatednreceptorntyrosinenkinasendimer
B) ligand-gatednion nchannel
C) Gnprotein-
couplednreceptornD)intracellul
arnreceptor
E)nreceptorntyrosinenkinasen(correctnanswer)nB
If nan nadultnperson nhasnanfaultynversion nof nthenhuman nanalogntonced-
4nof nthennematode,nwhich nof
thenfollowingnisnmostnlikelyntonresult?
A) activation nof nandevelopmental npathwaynfoundnin nthenwormnbutnnotnin nhumans
B) webbingnof nfingersnorntoes
C) anformnof ncancerninnwhichntherenisninsufficientnapoptosisn
D)neurodegeneration
E)nexcessnskin nexfoliation n(correctnanswer)nC
,Andrugndesignedntoninhibitnthenresponsenofncellsntontestosteronenwouldnalmostncertainlynres
ultnin
which nof nthenfollowing?
A) an nincreasenin ncytosolicncalciumnconcentration
B) an nincreasenin nreceptorntyrosinenkinasenactivity
C) lowerncytoplasmicnlevelsnof ncAMP
D) andecreasenin nGnprotein nactivity
E) andecreasenin ntranscriptionalnactivitynofncertainngenesn(correctnanswer)nEn
Which nof nthenfollowingnisnancorrectnassociation?
A) GTPasenactivitynandnhydrolysisnof nGTPntonGDP
B) adenylyl ncyclasenactivitynandnthenconversionnofncAMPntonAMPnC)p
hosphorylasenactivitynandnthencatabolismnof nglucosenD)phosphodies
terasenactivitynandnthenremoval nof nphosphatengroups
E)nkinasenactivitynandnthenaddition nof nantyrosinen(correctnanswer)nA
An ninhibitornofnwhichnofnthenfollowingncouldnbenusedntonblocknthenreleasenofncalciumnfromnth
e
endoplasmicnreticulum?
A) tyrosinenkinases
B) adenylyl ncyclasenC)seri
ne/threoninenkinasesnD)ph
osphodiesterase
E)nphospholipasenC n(correctnanswer)nE
Which nofnthenfollowingnmostnlikelynwouldnbenannimmediatenresultnofngrowth nfactornbindingnt
onits
receptor?
A) protein nkinasenactivity
B) phosphorylasenactivity
C) GTPasenactivity
D) protein nphosphatase
E) adenylyl ncyclesnactivityn(correctnanswer)nA
, BarbaranMcClintock,nwhonachievednfamenforndiscoveringnthatngenesncouldnmovenwithinngenom
es,
hadnhernmeticulousnworknignorednfornnearlynfourndecades,nbutneventuallynwonnthenNobelnPrize.
Whynwasnhernworknsondistrusted?
A) Shenworkednonlynwith nmaize,nwhich nwasnconsideredn"merely"nanplant.
B) Geneticistsndidnnotnwantntonlosentheirncherishednnotionsnof nDNAnstability.
C) Shenallowednnononenelsentonduplicatenhernwork.
D) Thenworknof nwomen nscientistsnwasnstill nnotnallowedntonbenpublished.
E) Therenwerentoonmanynalternativenexplanationsnforntransposition.n(correctnanswer)nBn
Which nof nthenfollowingnisnanrepresentation nof ngenendensity?
A) Humansnhaven~20,000ngenesnin n2,900nMb.
B) C.nelegansnhasn~20,000ngenes.
C) Fritillarianhasnangenomen40ntimesnthensizenof nanhuman.
D) Humansnhaven27,000nbpnin nintrons.
E) Humansnhaven2,900nMbnperngenome.n(correctnanswer)nA
If nhumansnhaven2,900nMb,nanspecificnmembernof nthenlilynfamilynhasn120,000nMb,nandnanyea
stnhas
~13nMb,nwhyncan'tnthisndatanallow nusntonorderntheirnevolutionarynsignificance?
A) Sizenisnmostlynduenton"junk"nDNA.
B) Sizendoesnnotnvarynwith ngenencomplexity.
C) Sizendoesnnotncomparentongenendensity.
D) Sizenisncomparablenonlynwithin nphyla.
E) Sizenmattersnlessnthan ngenendensity.n(correctnanswer)nB
Fragmentsnof nDNAnhavenbeennextractednfromnthenremnantsnofnextinctnwoollynmammoths,nampl
ified,nandnsequenced.nThesencan nnow nbenusednto
A) appreciatenthenreasonsnwhynmammothsnwentnextinct.
B) introducenintonrelatives,nsuch nasnelephants,ncertain nmammoth ntraits.
C) clonenlivenwoollynmammoths.
D) studynthenrelationshipsnamongnwoollynmammothsnandnothernwool-producers.
n n n n n n
SWERS GRADED A+ n n
In nyeastnsignal ntransduction,nthenyeastncells
A) secretenmoleculesnthatnresultnin nresponsenbynothernyeastncells.
B) mustnphysicallynandndirectlyninteract.
C) producensignalnmoleculesnthatnchangenthemselvesnsontheyncanninteractnwith nonen
another.
D) producenresponsenmoleculesnthatndiffusentonothernyeastncells.
E) mate,nafternwhich nthennew ncellsnsecretenhybridnsignals.n(correctnanswer)nA
Which nofnthenfollowingnisntruenfornthensignalingnsystemninnannanimal ncellnthatnlacksnthenabilit
ynto
producenGTP?
A) Itnwouldnemploynantransduction npathwayndirectlynfromnan nexternal nmessenger.
B) Itncouldnactivatenonlynthenepinephrinensystem.
C) ItnwouldnnotnbenablentonactivatenandninactivatenthenGnproteinnonnthencytoplasmicnsidenof nt
he
plasmanmembrane.
D) ItnwouldnusenATPninsteadnofnGTPntonactivatenandninactivatenthenGnproteinnonnthenc
ytoplasmicnsidenof nthenplasmanmembrane.
E) Itnwouldnbenablentoncarrynoutnreceptionnandntransductionnbutnwouldnnotnbenablentonr
espond
tonansignal.n(correctnanswer)nC
Becausenmostnreceptorsnarenmembranenproteins,nwhich nof nthenfollowingnisnusuallyntrue?
A) Theynopen nandnclosenin nresponsentonprotein nsignals.
B) Theynchangentheirnconformation nafternbindingnwith nsignal npolypeptides.
C) Theynarenonlynattachedntononenmembranensurface:nexteriornorninterior.
,D) Theynpreferentiallynbindnwith nlipidnornglycolipidnsignal nmolecules.
E) Theynleadntonchangesninnintracellularnionnconcentration.n(correctnanswer)nBnSin
censteroidnreceptorsnarenlocatednintracellularly,nwhich nof nthenfollowingnisntrue?
A) Thenreceptornmoleculesnarenthemselvesnlipidsnornglycolipids.
B) Thensteroid/receptorncomplexncan ncrossnthennuclearnmembrane.
C) Thenreceptornmoleculesnarenfreentonmovenin nandnoutnof nmostnorganelles.
D) Thenunboundnsteroidnreceptorsnarenquicklynrecyclednbynlysosomes.
E) Thenconcentrationnofnsteroidnreceptorsnmustnbenrelativelynhigh nin nmostncells.n(correctn
answer)nB
Thenreceptorsnfornangroupnof nsignalingnmoleculesnknown nasngrowth nfactorsnarenoften
A) cyclicnAMP.
B) ligand-
gatednion nchannels.nC)neurotr
ansmitters.
D) receptorntyrosinenkinases.
E) Gnprotein-couplednreceptors.n(correctnanswer)nD
Bindingnofnansignalingnmoleculentonwhichntypenof nreceptornleadsndirectlyntonanchangeninnthe
distribution nof nionsnon noppositensidesnof nthenmembrane?
A) phosphorylatednreceptorntyrosinenkinasendimer
B) ligand-gatednion nchannel
C) Gnprotein-
couplednreceptornD)intracellul
arnreceptor
E)nreceptorntyrosinenkinasen(correctnanswer)nB
If nan nadultnperson nhasnanfaultynversion nof nthenhuman nanalogntonced-
4nof nthennematode,nwhich nof
thenfollowingnisnmostnlikelyntonresult?
A) activation nof nandevelopmental npathwaynfoundnin nthenwormnbutnnotnin nhumans
B) webbingnof nfingersnorntoes
C) anformnof ncancerninnwhichntherenisninsufficientnapoptosisn
D)neurodegeneration
E)nexcessnskin nexfoliation n(correctnanswer)nC
,Andrugndesignedntoninhibitnthenresponsenofncellsntontestosteronenwouldnalmostncertainlynres
ultnin
which nof nthenfollowing?
A) an nincreasenin ncytosolicncalciumnconcentration
B) an nincreasenin nreceptorntyrosinenkinasenactivity
C) lowerncytoplasmicnlevelsnof ncAMP
D) andecreasenin nGnprotein nactivity
E) andecreasenin ntranscriptionalnactivitynofncertainngenesn(correctnanswer)nEn
Which nof nthenfollowingnisnancorrectnassociation?
A) GTPasenactivitynandnhydrolysisnof nGTPntonGDP
B) adenylyl ncyclasenactivitynandnthenconversionnofncAMPntonAMPnC)p
hosphorylasenactivitynandnthencatabolismnof nglucosenD)phosphodies
terasenactivitynandnthenremoval nof nphosphatengroups
E)nkinasenactivitynandnthenaddition nof nantyrosinen(correctnanswer)nA
An ninhibitornofnwhichnofnthenfollowingncouldnbenusedntonblocknthenreleasenofncalciumnfromnth
e
endoplasmicnreticulum?
A) tyrosinenkinases
B) adenylyl ncyclasenC)seri
ne/threoninenkinasesnD)ph
osphodiesterase
E)nphospholipasenC n(correctnanswer)nE
Which nofnthenfollowingnmostnlikelynwouldnbenannimmediatenresultnofngrowth nfactornbindingnt
onits
receptor?
A) protein nkinasenactivity
B) phosphorylasenactivity
C) GTPasenactivity
D) protein nphosphatase
E) adenylyl ncyclesnactivityn(correctnanswer)nA
, BarbaranMcClintock,nwhonachievednfamenforndiscoveringnthatngenesncouldnmovenwithinngenom
es,
hadnhernmeticulousnworknignorednfornnearlynfourndecades,nbutneventuallynwonnthenNobelnPrize.
Whynwasnhernworknsondistrusted?
A) Shenworkednonlynwith nmaize,nwhich nwasnconsideredn"merely"nanplant.
B) Geneticistsndidnnotnwantntonlosentheirncherishednnotionsnof nDNAnstability.
C) Shenallowednnononenelsentonduplicatenhernwork.
D) Thenworknof nwomen nscientistsnwasnstill nnotnallowedntonbenpublished.
E) Therenwerentoonmanynalternativenexplanationsnforntransposition.n(correctnanswer)nBn
Which nof nthenfollowingnisnanrepresentation nof ngenendensity?
A) Humansnhaven~20,000ngenesnin n2,900nMb.
B) C.nelegansnhasn~20,000ngenes.
C) Fritillarianhasnangenomen40ntimesnthensizenof nanhuman.
D) Humansnhaven27,000nbpnin nintrons.
E) Humansnhaven2,900nMbnperngenome.n(correctnanswer)nA
If nhumansnhaven2,900nMb,nanspecificnmembernof nthenlilynfamilynhasn120,000nMb,nandnanyea
stnhas
~13nMb,nwhyncan'tnthisndatanallow nusntonorderntheirnevolutionarynsignificance?
A) Sizenisnmostlynduenton"junk"nDNA.
B) Sizendoesnnotnvarynwith ngenencomplexity.
C) Sizendoesnnotncomparentongenendensity.
D) Sizenisncomparablenonlynwithin nphyla.
E) Sizenmattersnlessnthan ngenendensity.n(correctnanswer)nB
Fragmentsnof nDNAnhavenbeennextractednfromnthenremnantsnofnextinctnwoollynmammoths,nampl
ified,nandnsequenced.nThesencan nnow nbenusednto
A) appreciatenthenreasonsnwhynmammothsnwentnextinct.
B) introducenintonrelatives,nsuch nasnelephants,ncertain nmammoth ntraits.
C) clonenlivenwoollynmammoths.
D) studynthenrelationshipsnamongnwoollynmammothsnandnothernwool-producers.
