Advanced Pharmacology: Midterm Ex
n n n
am Questions and Answers
n n n
n Lispro
✓ ~~~ n Class: nRapid nacting ninsulinnf ornhyperglycemia
MOA:nOnsetn5nminutes;npeaksn5nminutes;nduration n4-5nhours
Aspart
✓ ~~~ n Class: nRapid nacting ninsulinnf ornhyperglycemia
MOA:nOnsetn5nminutes;npeaksn5nminutes;nduration n4-5nhours
Regular
✓ ~~~ n Class: nShort nacting ninsulinnf ornhyperglycemia
MOA:nOnsetn30-45nminutes;npeaksn3-4nhours;nduration n4-10nhours
NPH
✓ ~~~ n Class: nIntermediateninsulinnf ornhyperglycemia
MOA:nOnsetn30nminutes-1nhour;npeaksn4-10nhours;nduration n12-24nhours
Glargine
✓ ~~~ n Class: nLong nacting ninsulinnf ornhyperglycemia
MOA:nOnsetn2-4nhours;ndoesnnotnhavenanpeak,nduration n24nhours
Detemir
, ✓ ~~~ n Class: nLong nacting ninsulinnf ornhyperglycemia
MOA:nOnsetn2-4nhours;ndoesnnotnhavenanpeak,nduration n24nhours
Glipizide
✓ ~~~ n Class: nShort nacting nSulf onylureanf ornanninsuf f icient nproductionnof ninsulinninnDM2
MOA:nStimulatesninsulin nreleasenformnbetancells,nall npotentiateneffectsnof nADH.
Glyburide
✓ ~~~ n Class: nSulf onylureanf ornanninsuf f icient nproductionnof ninsulinninnDM2
MOA:nStimulatesninsulin nreleasenformnbetancells,nall npotentiateneffectsnof nADH.
Chlorpropamide
✓ ~~~ n Class: nSulf onylureanf ornanninsufficient nproductionnofninsulinninnDM2; noff nlabelnfor
nneurogenic nDI
MOA:nStimulatesninsulin nreleasenformnbetancells,nall npotentiateneffectsnof nADH.
Metformin
✓ ~~~ n Class: nBiguanide, nf irst nlinendrug nf ornDM2
MOA:nDecreasesnglucosenproduction nin nliver,ndecreasesnGInglucosenabsorption nand
improvesninsulin nsensitivitynbynincreasingnperipheral nglucosenuptakenandnutilization;
doesnnotnstimulateninsulin nreleasenfornbetancells;ninhibitsnplateletnaggregation nand
reducesnbloodnviscosity.
Acarbose
, ✓ ~~~ n Class: nAlphanGlucosidasenInhibitor; nthird-linenf ornDM2ninninsulinnresistant npatients
MOA:nInhibitsnabsorption nof nCHOnin nGI,nlowersnBGnlevelsnafternmeals
Miglitol
✓ ~~~ n Class: nAlphanGlucosidasenInhibitor; nthird-linenf ornDM2ninninsulinnresistant npatients
MOA:nInhibitsnabsorption nof nCHOnin nGI,nlowersnBGnlevelsnafternmeals
Sitagliptin
✓ ~~~ n Class: nDipeptidylnPeptidasen4nInhibitornf ornDM2
MOA:nInhibitsnDPP4,nbreaksndown nGLP1nandnGIPnwhich narenreleasednin nresponsento
anmeal;nleadsntonincreasenin nsecretion nof ninsulin nandnsuppressesnthenreleasenof
glucagon nbynthenpancreas;npromotesnprenandnpostprandial nglucosenlevels.
Saxaglipin
✓ ~~~ n Class: nDipeptidylnPeptidasen4nInhibitornf ornDM2
MOA:nInhibitsnDPP4,nbreaksndown nGLP1nandnGIPnwhich narenreleasednin nresponsento
anmeal;nleadsntonincreasenin nsecretion nof ninsulin nandnsuppressesnthenreleasenof
glucagon nbynthenpancreas;npromotesnprenandnpostprandial nglucosenlevels.
Exenatide
✓ ~~~ n Class: nGlucagonnLikenPeptiden1nAgonist nf ornDM2
MOA:nPromotesninsulin nreleasenfromnpancreaticnbetancellsnin nthenpresencenof
elevatednglucosenconcentrations.
, Glucagon
✓ ~~~ n Class: nAntidotento nhypoglycemianorninsulinnoverdose
MOA:nStimulatesnhepaticngluconeogenesisnandnglycogenolysis,nraisednBGnlevels;nBG
concentration nrisesnwithin n10nminutesnof ninjection nandnmaximalnconcentrationsnare
attainednatnapproximatelyn30nminutesnafterninjection.
Levothyroxine
✓ ~~~ n Class: nT4nthyroid nhormonenf ornhypothyroidism; nfirst nlinendrug nof nchoicenfornthyroid
nreplacement nand nsuppressionntherapy nduento nlongernhalf -lif e
MOA:nProducenthensameneffectsnin nthenbodynasnendogenousnthyroidnhormones.
Liothyronine
✓ ~~~ n Class: nT3nthyroid nhormonenf ornhypothyroidism
MOA:nProducenthensameneffectsnin nthenbodynasnendogenousnthyroidnhormones.
Liotrix
✓ ~~~ n Class: nMix nratio n(4:1)nT4:T3nthyroid nhormonenf ornhypothyroidism
MOA:nProducenthensameneffectsnin nthenbodynasnendogenousnthyroidnhormones.
Propylthiouracil
✓ ~~~ n Class: nAntithyroid nagent
MOA:nBlocksnsynthesisnof nthyroxinenandntriiodothyronine.
Methimazole
n n n
am Questions and Answers
n n n
n Lispro
✓ ~~~ n Class: nRapid nacting ninsulinnf ornhyperglycemia
MOA:nOnsetn5nminutes;npeaksn5nminutes;nduration n4-5nhours
Aspart
✓ ~~~ n Class: nRapid nacting ninsulinnf ornhyperglycemia
MOA:nOnsetn5nminutes;npeaksn5nminutes;nduration n4-5nhours
Regular
✓ ~~~ n Class: nShort nacting ninsulinnf ornhyperglycemia
MOA:nOnsetn30-45nminutes;npeaksn3-4nhours;nduration n4-10nhours
NPH
✓ ~~~ n Class: nIntermediateninsulinnf ornhyperglycemia
MOA:nOnsetn30nminutes-1nhour;npeaksn4-10nhours;nduration n12-24nhours
Glargine
✓ ~~~ n Class: nLong nacting ninsulinnf ornhyperglycemia
MOA:nOnsetn2-4nhours;ndoesnnotnhavenanpeak,nduration n24nhours
Detemir
, ✓ ~~~ n Class: nLong nacting ninsulinnf ornhyperglycemia
MOA:nOnsetn2-4nhours;ndoesnnotnhavenanpeak,nduration n24nhours
Glipizide
✓ ~~~ n Class: nShort nacting nSulf onylureanf ornanninsuf f icient nproductionnof ninsulinninnDM2
MOA:nStimulatesninsulin nreleasenformnbetancells,nall npotentiateneffectsnof nADH.
Glyburide
✓ ~~~ n Class: nSulf onylureanf ornanninsuf f icient nproductionnof ninsulinninnDM2
MOA:nStimulatesninsulin nreleasenformnbetancells,nall npotentiateneffectsnof nADH.
Chlorpropamide
✓ ~~~ n Class: nSulf onylureanf ornanninsufficient nproductionnofninsulinninnDM2; noff nlabelnfor
nneurogenic nDI
MOA:nStimulatesninsulin nreleasenformnbetancells,nall npotentiateneffectsnof nADH.
Metformin
✓ ~~~ n Class: nBiguanide, nf irst nlinendrug nf ornDM2
MOA:nDecreasesnglucosenproduction nin nliver,ndecreasesnGInglucosenabsorption nand
improvesninsulin nsensitivitynbynincreasingnperipheral nglucosenuptakenandnutilization;
doesnnotnstimulateninsulin nreleasenfornbetancells;ninhibitsnplateletnaggregation nand
reducesnbloodnviscosity.
Acarbose
, ✓ ~~~ n Class: nAlphanGlucosidasenInhibitor; nthird-linenf ornDM2ninninsulinnresistant npatients
MOA:nInhibitsnabsorption nof nCHOnin nGI,nlowersnBGnlevelsnafternmeals
Miglitol
✓ ~~~ n Class: nAlphanGlucosidasenInhibitor; nthird-linenf ornDM2ninninsulinnresistant npatients
MOA:nInhibitsnabsorption nof nCHOnin nGI,nlowersnBGnlevelsnafternmeals
Sitagliptin
✓ ~~~ n Class: nDipeptidylnPeptidasen4nInhibitornf ornDM2
MOA:nInhibitsnDPP4,nbreaksndown nGLP1nandnGIPnwhich narenreleasednin nresponsento
anmeal;nleadsntonincreasenin nsecretion nof ninsulin nandnsuppressesnthenreleasenof
glucagon nbynthenpancreas;npromotesnprenandnpostprandial nglucosenlevels.
Saxaglipin
✓ ~~~ n Class: nDipeptidylnPeptidasen4nInhibitornf ornDM2
MOA:nInhibitsnDPP4,nbreaksndown nGLP1nandnGIPnwhich narenreleasednin nresponsento
anmeal;nleadsntonincreasenin nsecretion nof ninsulin nandnsuppressesnthenreleasenof
glucagon nbynthenpancreas;npromotesnprenandnpostprandial nglucosenlevels.
Exenatide
✓ ~~~ n Class: nGlucagonnLikenPeptiden1nAgonist nf ornDM2
MOA:nPromotesninsulin nreleasenfromnpancreaticnbetancellsnin nthenpresencenof
elevatednglucosenconcentrations.
, Glucagon
✓ ~~~ n Class: nAntidotento nhypoglycemianorninsulinnoverdose
MOA:nStimulatesnhepaticngluconeogenesisnandnglycogenolysis,nraisednBGnlevels;nBG
concentration nrisesnwithin n10nminutesnof ninjection nandnmaximalnconcentrationsnare
attainednatnapproximatelyn30nminutesnafterninjection.
Levothyroxine
✓ ~~~ n Class: nT4nthyroid nhormonenf ornhypothyroidism; nfirst nlinendrug nof nchoicenfornthyroid
nreplacement nand nsuppressionntherapy nduento nlongernhalf -lif e
MOA:nProducenthensameneffectsnin nthenbodynasnendogenousnthyroidnhormones.
Liothyronine
✓ ~~~ n Class: nT3nthyroid nhormonenf ornhypothyroidism
MOA:nProducenthensameneffectsnin nthenbodynasnendogenousnthyroidnhormones.
Liotrix
✓ ~~~ n Class: nMix nratio n(4:1)nT4:T3nthyroid nhormonenf ornhypothyroidism
MOA:nProducenthensameneffectsnin nthenbodynasnendogenousnthyroidnhormones.
Propylthiouracil
✓ ~~~ n Class: nAntithyroid nagent
MOA:nBlocksnsynthesisnof nthyroxinenandntriiodothyronine.
Methimazole
