SERVSAFE FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A BRAND NEW!!.pdf

NUR 265 Exam 1 m m m




• What is nephrotic syndrome?: A condition of increased glo
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merular permeabil- m


mity that allows larger molecules to pass through the membrane into t
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he urine andthen be excreted.
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• What are key features of nephrotic syndrome?: -
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*Massive proteinuria* m




-*Hypoalbuminemia*
-*Edema (facial and periorbital)*
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-Lipiduria
-Hyperlipidemia
-Increased coagulation m




-Reduced kidney function m m




• In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the
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murine is greater thanwhat?: 3.5g in 24 hours
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• What is nephrotic syndrome treated with?: -
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mimmunosuppressant agents (ifimmunity based). m m m


-ACE inhibitors (decreased protein loss in urine)
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-statins (improve blood lipid levels).
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-Heparin (used to treat vascular effects and improve kidney function)
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• Describe Prerenal AKI. Give examples.: Decreased
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perfusion to kidneys.
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-NSAIDs
-Severe dehydration m




-Renal artery stenosis
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-MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output
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-Blood/ fluid loss m m

,• Describe Intrarenal AKI. Give examples.: Tissue damage
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mto the actual kid-neys.
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-Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli m m m m m




-Sepsis
-Intrarenal bleeding m




-Pyelonephritis

• Describe Postrenal AKI. Give examples.: Obstruction
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mthat occurs after thekidney.
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-Enlarged prostate (BPH) m m




-Bladder Cancer m



-Kidney stones m




• How do you determine the mean arterial pressure
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m(MAP)?: Systolic + (Dias-tolic*2) /3
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• What is the MAP needed to perfuse the kidneys?: 65
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mmHg
• What are examples of nephrotoxic drugs?: -NSAIDS
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-Metformin
-Diuretics
-Antibiotics (especially -mycin) m m




-Contrast dye m




• During the diuretic phase of AKI, what needs to be
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mmonitored?: Watch fordehydration and make sure output is
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greater than input
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• What are the dietary restrictions for an AKI patient?: -
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Low protein
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-Low sodium m

,-Fluid restriction: 1000-
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1500mL day (for anything except perfusion problem)
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• What are the 2 most common causes of CKD?: -HTN
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-Uncontrolled diabetes m




• What is azotemia?: Nitrogenous waste build up
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• What are manifestations of uremia?: •Metallic taste in
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mmouth
• Anorexia
• Nausea/vomiting
• Muscle cramps m




• Uremic frost on skin
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• Itching
• Fatigue and lethargy
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• Hiccups
• Edema
• Dyspnea
• Paresthesia's

• What effects can CKD have on the cardiac system: -
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mHTN
-Heart failure (major problem. Call the doctor)
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-Pericarditis

• What effects can CKD have on the Integumentary
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system: -Uremic frost m m



• What are the dietary restrictions on CKD?: -
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Protein (restrict early in diseaseprocess to preserve kidney fun
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ction)

-Potassium

, -Fluid
-Sodium

• Describe hemodialysis: -3x a week- 4-5 hours
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-At risk for bleeding do to heparin
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-Extremely fatigued post. m m




-Vitals and weight before and after
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-Slight fever post is normal. Monitor.
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• Describe peritoneal dialysis: - m m m


Sterile procedure at home where catheter isplaced into the abdo
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men
-Wear a mask m m




-
Solution may be warmed using a heating bag or blanket, not microwav
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e!
-Make sure patient turns and repositions to mix solution in the cavity
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• Describe nursing care for an AV fistula.: - m m m m m m m


Palpate and auscultate- bruit andthrill
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-Distal pulses m




-ROM- helps form the fistula
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-Monitor for infection m m




-No heavy lifting or carrying
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-No pressure
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-Aneurysm can form at AV fistula sitem m m m m m




• Describe dialysis disequilibrium syndrome: - m m m m


Life threatening! (occurs if fluidis pulled off too fast)
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-S/S: restless, headache, decreased LOC, seizures, coma
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-Call a rapid immediately
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-Give barbiturates and anticonvulsants
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