BIOS 242 EXAM 3 STUDY LATEST
GUIDE FUNDAMENTALS
OF MICROBIOLOGY
WITH LAB
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION
QUESTION 1
What was the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, and what were its consequences?
-The study involved African American men in the South, many of whom were not
informed they had syphilis and were not treated for it.
-The purpose was to observe the natural progression of the disease, even after
penicillin was proven to be an effective treatment.
-The study continued until 1972 when it became public and ended due to the
resulting outcry.
END OF
PAGE 1
, BIOS 242 EXAM 3 STUDY LATEST
GUIDE FUNDAMENTALS
OF MICROBIOLOGY
WITH LAB
-President Bill Clinton issued an apology in 1997 on behalf of the U.S.
government.
-The government has paid compensation to the victims and their heirs.
Explain the components of the first line of defense (ESSAY??)
The first line of defense in the immune system are physical and chemical barriers
that protect against pathogens.
The skin and mucous membranes act as physical barriers, creating a tough exterior
and sticky surfaces that trap invaders.
Chemical barriers include lysozyme in tears and saliva, lactic acid in sweat,
acidic pH and fatty acids on the skin, stomach hydrochloric acid, intestinal bile and
digestive juices, and resident microbiota, all of which either destroy pathogens or
inhibit their growth.
These components work collectively to prevent pathogens from entering and
establishing infections in the body.
END OF
PAGE 2
, BIOS 242 EXAM 3 STUDY LATEST
GUIDE FUNDAMENTALS
OF MICROBIOLOGY
WITH LAB
Explain the components of the second line of defense (ESSAY???)
The second line of defense is a cellular and chemical system that comes into play if
infectious agents make it past the first line of defense. The components include
phagocytic leukocytes, inflammation, fever and antimicrobial proteins
Describe the different types of T cells (ESSAY???)
Helper T cells (CD4 cells) activate macrophages, assist B-cell process, and help
activate cytotoxic T cells.
Regulatory T cells (CD4 cells) control the T-Cell response, act to control the
inflammatory process, and prevent autoimmunity.
END OF
PAGE 3
, BIOS 242 EXAM 3 STUDY LATEST
GUIDE FUNDAMENTALS
OF MICROBIOLOGY
WITH LAB
Cytotoxic T cells (CD8 cells) lead to the destruction of the infected host cells and
other foreign cells. CD8 cells secrete perforins and granzymes
Why is heating food contaminated with the S. aureus no guarantee that potential
food poisoning with be prevented? (ESSAY???)
If food is contaminated with Staph, the bacteria can multiply in food and produce
toxins that can make people ill. Staph bacteria are killed by cooking, but the toxins
are not destroyed and still able to cause illness.
Identify and explain the 4 signs and symptoms of inflammation. What are the roles
of histamine and prostaglandins? (ESSAY???)
Rubor, calor, tumor, and dolor are the four signs and symptoms of
inflammation. Rubor is redness caused by increased circulation and vasodilation in
injured tissues. Calor is warmth from the increased flow of blood. Tumor is
swelling from increased fluid escaping from tissues. Dolor is pain caused by the
stimulation of nerve endings.
END OF
PAGE 4
GUIDE FUNDAMENTALS
OF MICROBIOLOGY
WITH LAB
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION
QUESTION 1
What was the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, and what were its consequences?
-The study involved African American men in the South, many of whom were not
informed they had syphilis and were not treated for it.
-The purpose was to observe the natural progression of the disease, even after
penicillin was proven to be an effective treatment.
-The study continued until 1972 when it became public and ended due to the
resulting outcry.
END OF
PAGE 1
, BIOS 242 EXAM 3 STUDY LATEST
GUIDE FUNDAMENTALS
OF MICROBIOLOGY
WITH LAB
-President Bill Clinton issued an apology in 1997 on behalf of the U.S.
government.
-The government has paid compensation to the victims and their heirs.
Explain the components of the first line of defense (ESSAY??)
The first line of defense in the immune system are physical and chemical barriers
that protect against pathogens.
The skin and mucous membranes act as physical barriers, creating a tough exterior
and sticky surfaces that trap invaders.
Chemical barriers include lysozyme in tears and saliva, lactic acid in sweat,
acidic pH and fatty acids on the skin, stomach hydrochloric acid, intestinal bile and
digestive juices, and resident microbiota, all of which either destroy pathogens or
inhibit their growth.
These components work collectively to prevent pathogens from entering and
establishing infections in the body.
END OF
PAGE 2
, BIOS 242 EXAM 3 STUDY LATEST
GUIDE FUNDAMENTALS
OF MICROBIOLOGY
WITH LAB
Explain the components of the second line of defense (ESSAY???)
The second line of defense is a cellular and chemical system that comes into play if
infectious agents make it past the first line of defense. The components include
phagocytic leukocytes, inflammation, fever and antimicrobial proteins
Describe the different types of T cells (ESSAY???)
Helper T cells (CD4 cells) activate macrophages, assist B-cell process, and help
activate cytotoxic T cells.
Regulatory T cells (CD4 cells) control the T-Cell response, act to control the
inflammatory process, and prevent autoimmunity.
END OF
PAGE 3
, BIOS 242 EXAM 3 STUDY LATEST
GUIDE FUNDAMENTALS
OF MICROBIOLOGY
WITH LAB
Cytotoxic T cells (CD8 cells) lead to the destruction of the infected host cells and
other foreign cells. CD8 cells secrete perforins and granzymes
Why is heating food contaminated with the S. aureus no guarantee that potential
food poisoning with be prevented? (ESSAY???)
If food is contaminated with Staph, the bacteria can multiply in food and produce
toxins that can make people ill. Staph bacteria are killed by cooking, but the toxins
are not destroyed and still able to cause illness.
Identify and explain the 4 signs and symptoms of inflammation. What are the roles
of histamine and prostaglandins? (ESSAY???)
Rubor, calor, tumor, and dolor are the four signs and symptoms of
inflammation. Rubor is redness caused by increased circulation and vasodilation in
injured tissues. Calor is warmth from the increased flow of blood. Tumor is
swelling from increased fluid escaping from tissues. Dolor is pain caused by the
stimulation of nerve endings.
END OF
PAGE 4
