NUR 425 FINAL AND PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH WELL DET
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AILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATE 202
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4/2025
what is the earliest indicator of change in neuro status? -
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CORRECT ANSWER change in LOC
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what is the term for forgetfulness - CORRECT ANSWER confusion
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what is the term for drowsy - CORRECT ANSWER lethargy
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what is the term for arousable by stimulation - CORRECT ANSWER
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obtunded
what is the term for arousable by vigorous stimulation? -
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CORRECT ANSWER stuporours
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what is the term for cannot arouse? - CORRECT ANSWER coma
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what to assess in a neuro assessment? - CORRECT ANSWER vitals:
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-
changes in HR and BP are more important than certain directions or limits t
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hey should be in (trends!)
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-HR and BP and temp variable
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-respirations altered? n
,-hypotension: decreases cerebral blood flow (less pressure) n n n n n n
-hypertension: increases cerebral blood flow (more pressure) n n n n n n
assess fontanels/sutures if less than 2 years old
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-abnormal bulging n
assess head circumference
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assess pupils n
-size and reactivity
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-pinpoint: overdose n
-
bilateral fixed and dilated: brainstem herniation...could be caused by mydri
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atic drugs n
what is cushing's reflex? -
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CORRECT ANSWER decreased HR, increased BP, altered respirations
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This is a late sign and uncommon in children
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the breathing is an ominous sign
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What is Cheyne-Stokes breathing? - CORRECT ANSWER apnea of 10-
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60 sec followed by increasing depth and frequency of breaths (occurs in D
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KA)
,what conditions affect altered mental status? - CORRECT ANSWER -
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metabolism (hypoglycemia, DKA)
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-infections (meningitis) n
-toxins (alcohol, lead) n n
-trauma (traumatic brain injury, submersion injury)
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-endocrine (hypothyroidism) n
-neurological/neoplasm (seizure, myelomeningocele, tumor) n n n
why is MAP important? -
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CORRECT ANSWER it is a better indicator of perfusion
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it is the average blood pressure during one cardiac cycle
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normal value for MAP in pediatrics? -
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CORRECT ANSWER should be above 50 (adults are 60-100)
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what is cerebral perfusion pressure? -
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CORRECT ANSWER pressure needed to ensure adequate oxygen and
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nutrients are delivered to the brainn n n n n
it is the difference between pressure of blood going to the brain (MAP) and t
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he back pressure to this flow (ICP)
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, What is intracranial pressure? -
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nCORRECT ANSWER it is the force exerted by the three contents of the b
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rain (csf, blood, tissue)
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why must cpp must be maintained within narrow limits? -
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CORRECT ANSWER because too little pressure could cause ischemia a
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nd too much pressure could raise ICP
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net gradient that drives oxygen to tissue
n n n n n n
what is the relationship between ICP and CPP? - CORRECT ANSWER
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they work against each other
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-if icp increases, then cpp decreases
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what is the normal value of CPP in children? - CORRECT ANSWER
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40-60
what is the normal value for ICP in children? - CORRECT ANSWER
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10-15
epidural hematoma involves what bleeding issue? -
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CORRECT ANSWER arterial
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bleed between the skull and dura (above the dura)
n n n n n n n n
n n n n n n n n
AILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATE 202
n n n n n n
4/2025
what is the earliest indicator of change in neuro status? -
n n n n n n n n n n
CORRECT ANSWER change in LOC
n n n n n
what is the term for forgetfulness - CORRECT ANSWER confusion
n n n n n n n n n
what is the term for drowsy - CORRECT ANSWER lethargy
n n n n n n n n n
what is the term for arousable by stimulation - CORRECT ANSWER
n n n n n n n n n n
obtunded
what is the term for arousable by vigorous stimulation? -
n n n n n n n n n
CORRECT ANSWER stuporours
n n n
what is the term for cannot arouse? - CORRECT ANSWER coma
n n n n n n n n n n
what to assess in a neuro assessment? - CORRECT ANSWER vitals:
n n n n n n n n n n
-
changes in HR and BP are more important than certain directions or limits t
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
hey should be in (trends!)
n n n n
-HR and BP and temp variable
n n n n n
-respirations altered? n
,-hypotension: decreases cerebral blood flow (less pressure) n n n n n n
-hypertension: increases cerebral blood flow (more pressure) n n n n n n
assess fontanels/sutures if less than 2 years old
n n n n n n n
-abnormal bulging n
assess head circumference
n n
assess pupils n
-size and reactivity
n n
-pinpoint: overdose n
-
bilateral fixed and dilated: brainstem herniation...could be caused by mydri
n n n n n n n n n
atic drugs n
what is cushing's reflex? -
n n n n
CORRECT ANSWER decreased HR, increased BP, altered respirations
n n n n n n n n
This is a late sign and uncommon in children
n n n n n n n n
the breathing is an ominous sign
n n n n n
What is Cheyne-Stokes breathing? - CORRECT ANSWER apnea of 10-
n n n n n n n n n
60 sec followed by increasing depth and frequency of breaths (occurs in D
n n n n n n n n n n n n
KA)
,what conditions affect altered mental status? - CORRECT ANSWER -
n n n n n n n n n
metabolism (hypoglycemia, DKA)
n n n
-infections (meningitis) n
-toxins (alcohol, lead) n n
-trauma (traumatic brain injury, submersion injury)
n n n n n
-endocrine (hypothyroidism) n
-neurological/neoplasm (seizure, myelomeningocele, tumor) n n n
why is MAP important? -
n n n n
CORRECT ANSWER it is a better indicator of perfusion
n n n n n n n n n
it is the average blood pressure during one cardiac cycle
n n n n n n n n n
normal value for MAP in pediatrics? -
n n n n n n
CORRECT ANSWER should be above 50 (adults are 60-100)
n n n n n n n n n
what is cerebral perfusion pressure? -
n n n n n
CORRECT ANSWER pressure needed to ensure adequate oxygen and
n n n n n n n n n n
nutrients are delivered to the brainn n n n n
it is the difference between pressure of blood going to the brain (MAP) and t
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
he back pressure to this flow (ICP)
n n n n n n
, What is intracranial pressure? -
n n n n
nCORRECT ANSWER it is the force exerted by the three contents of the b
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
rain (csf, blood, tissue)
n n n
why must cpp must be maintained within narrow limits? -
n n n n n n n n n
CORRECT ANSWER because too little pressure could cause ischemia a
n n n n n n n n n n
nd too much pressure could raise ICP
n n n n n n
net gradient that drives oxygen to tissue
n n n n n n
what is the relationship between ICP and CPP? - CORRECT ANSWER
n n n n n n n n n n
they work against each other
n n n n
-if icp increases, then cpp decreases
n n n n n
what is the normal value of CPP in children? - CORRECT ANSWER
n n n n n n n n n n n
40-60
what is the normal value for ICP in children? - CORRECT ANSWER
n n n n n n n n n n n
10-15
epidural hematoma involves what bleeding issue? -
n n n n n n
CORRECT ANSWER arterial
n n n
bleed between the skull and dura (above the dura)
n n n n n n n n
