COPE Health Scholars written exam review
m m m m m
INFECTIONmPREVENTION m(MODULEm12) m-mcorrectmanswer
True mormFalse?mScholarsmmaymnotmentermContactmPLUSmisolationmrooms?m-mcorrectmanswerFalse
WhatmdoesmHAImstandmfor?mdefine mHAIm-mcorrectmanswerstandsmformHospitalmAssociatedmInfection.
leadingmcause mofmdeathminmUS
HAImismanminfectionmthatmismtransmittedminmamhealthcare mormhospitalmsettingmfrommdeliveringmcare
Whatmare m4mexamplesmofmmulti-drugmresistantmorganisms?makamantibioticmresistantm-
m correctm answer1) m methicillin-resistantm staphylococcus m Aerus m (MRSA)
2) mVancomycin-resistantmEnterococcusm(VRE)
3) mExtendedmspectrummB-lactamase mproducingm(ESBL)
4) mClostridiummDifficile m(C.mDiff)
Whatmare mthe m3mlevelsmofmInfectionmPreventionminmhealthmcare msetting?m-
m correctm answerTierm 1:m Standard m Precautions:m protectm allm patients m regardless m of m diagnoses
Tierm2:mTransmissionmBasedmPrecaution:mPrecautionsmhealthcare mstaff mmustmtakeminmordermtomprotectmfr
ommbeingminfectedmbympatientmwithmamknownminfection
Tierm3:mPatientmProtectivemPrecaution:mImmunemcompromisedmpatientsmthatmneedmtombemsafeguardedmfr
ommenvironment
Give m6mexamplesmofmthe mtypesmofmpatientsmconsideredmimmune-comprisedmpatientsm-
m correctm answer1) m Newborn m babies m (especially m premature m babies)
,Remembermtheymdomnotmhave mthe mnecessarymantibodiesmandmhave mweakmcell-mediatedmimmunitym
2) melderly:mhavemamslowermimmunemsystem,mthatmdoesmnotmrespondmverymquicklymtominfectiousmagentsmu
ponmtheirmentry
3) mSurgicalmpatients:mtissue mexposuremduringmsurgerymthatmservesmasmamportalmentrymforminfectiousmagent
s
4) mimmune mcompromisedm(HIV/AIDS,mchemotherapympatients,morganmtransplant)
5) mseriouslymillmpatientsm(chemotherapy, mHIV/AID,morganmtransplant)
6) mphysicallymandmnutritionallymdepletedmpatientsmwhomare mnotmgettingmessentialmnutrientsmandmmineral
smandmenergymtomdevelopmamstrongmimmune msystem
Whatmismthe mcentralmpremise mof mStandardmprecautions?m-
m correctm answerAllm bodily m fluids m are m potentially m infectious
Name mamfewmexamplesmof mbodilymfluidsm-mcorrectmanswer*amnioticmfluid,m
*pleuralmfluidm(frommexcessmbuild-upmfluidminmpleuralmcavitymof mlungs)
*pericardialmfluidm(excessmbuildmupmfluidminmsac-like mstructure msurroundingmheart,mthe mpericardium)
*sputum
*nasalmsecretion
*blood
*non-intactmskin
*saliva
*semen
*vaginalmfluids
,Whatmare mthe m3mtypesmofmtransmissionmbasedmprecautionsm-
m correctm answer1) mcontactm (eithermdirectmorm indirect) m:many mskinm tom skinm contactm withmpatient, mgown,msu
rfacesmpatientmhasmtouches.
2) mdroplet:minfectiousmagentmthatmtransmitsminfectionmwhenmtheymtravelmfrommrespiratorymtractmfromminf
ectedmindividualmviamsneezingmormcoughingmtomsusceptiblemmucosalmsurfacesmofmrecipientm(lessmthanm3mfe
etmaway)
3) mairborne:mviamcontaminatedmdustmparticlesmormminutemdropletmnucleim(canmbemtransmittedmmoremthan
m 3m feetm away)
Give mexamplesmof mcommonmbacterialminfectionsm-mcorrectmanswer1) mStreptococcusm
2) mstaphylococcusm
3) mTuberculosis
Give mexamplesmof mcommonmviralminfectionsm-mcorrectmanswer1) mHIV m--> mAIDS
2) mEpstein-Barre msyndrome
3) mInfluenzamvirusm
4) mHepatitismB
Whatmare mcomplicationsmthatmresultmfrommbeingminfectedmwithmStreptococcus?m-
m correctm answerPharyngitis m (strepm throat), mtoxicm shockm syndrome, mrheumaticm fever,m scarletm fever, mskinm
infections
Whatmare msomemcomplicationmthatmresultmfrommbeingminfectedmwithmStaphylococcus?makamtoxicmshockms
yndrome m-
m correctm answermild m skinm infections m (pimples, m impetigo), m meningitis, m endocarditis, m andm pneumonia
Whatmare msome mcomplicationsmthatmresultmfrommbeingminfectedmwithmTB?m-
m correctm answercoughingmupmblood, mknownmasmrespiratory millness mthatmcauses mprogressive m lungm damag
e,mfever,mnightmsweats,mweightmloss.mItmcanmalsomeffectmmanymorgansmincludingmthe mkidneysmandmintestin
es
, WhatmismAIDS?m-
m correctm answerAIDS mismam complication m ofm HIV. mThismbasically m meansm thatm the minfected m individualm hasm l
ostmcell-
mediatedmimmunitym(themperson'sminnatemimmunemsystem) mandmaremtherefore mwaymmoremvulnerable mto
m opportunisticm infections. m
AIDSmstandsmformAcquiredmImmunodeficiency msyndrome
WhatmdoesmHepatitismBmcause/complications?mHowmismitmtransmitted?m-
m correctm answercauses m irreversible m liverm damage, m due m tom inflammation m of m liver. m (Cirrhosis)
Transmittedmmainlymthroughmsexualmcontact,msharingmneedles,mormothermdrugmequipment,mormevenmfrom
m motherm tom baby
HowmismHIV mtransmitted,mandmwhatmare msome mothermcomplicationsmbesidesmAIDS?m-
m correctm answerHIV mism transmitted mviam blood, mrectalm fluid,m vaginalm fluid,m semen,m breastm milk m inm mother.
m These m fluids m mustmcomemintomcontactmw/ mammucous mmembranemormdamagedmtissuemormbe mdirectly m inje
ctedmintomthe mbloodstream
WhatmdoesmEpstein-Barre msyndrome mcause/complications?m-
m correctm answerFirstm off m itm ism am herpesvirus m thatm infectsm Bm cellsm of m immune m system
Canmcause mBurkitt'smlymphoma:mlarge mtumorsminmfacialmandmabdominalmregionsm(cancermofmlymphaticmsy
stem)
Canmalsomcause mInfectiousmMononucleosis:mknownmasm"kissingmdisease"mtransmittedmthroughmsaliva.mItmc
anmcause mfever,mfatigue,msore mthroat,mandmswollenmlymphmnodes
WhatmcomplicationsmresultmfrommInfluenzamvirus?m-
m correctm answerFirstm off mitmism anmenveloped mvirusmthatmcanmundergom rapidm changes.m Thism ismalsomwhym th
ere mismannualmrenewalmofmthe mvaccine,mbecause mthe mvaccine mofmthe mpreviousmyearmismnotmeffective.
Complications:mcanmcause mfatalmbacterialmsuperinfectionsmespeciallyminmyoungmchildren
m m m m m
INFECTIONmPREVENTION m(MODULEm12) m-mcorrectmanswer
True mormFalse?mScholarsmmaymnotmentermContactmPLUSmisolationmrooms?m-mcorrectmanswerFalse
WhatmdoesmHAImstandmfor?mdefine mHAIm-mcorrectmanswerstandsmformHospitalmAssociatedmInfection.
leadingmcause mofmdeathminmUS
HAImismanminfectionmthatmismtransmittedminmamhealthcare mormhospitalmsettingmfrommdeliveringmcare
Whatmare m4mexamplesmofmmulti-drugmresistantmorganisms?makamantibioticmresistantm-
m correctm answer1) m methicillin-resistantm staphylococcus m Aerus m (MRSA)
2) mVancomycin-resistantmEnterococcusm(VRE)
3) mExtendedmspectrummB-lactamase mproducingm(ESBL)
4) mClostridiummDifficile m(C.mDiff)
Whatmare mthe m3mlevelsmofmInfectionmPreventionminmhealthmcare msetting?m-
m correctm answerTierm 1:m Standard m Precautions:m protectm allm patients m regardless m of m diagnoses
Tierm2:mTransmissionmBasedmPrecaution:mPrecautionsmhealthcare mstaff mmustmtakeminmordermtomprotectmfr
ommbeingminfectedmbympatientmwithmamknownminfection
Tierm3:mPatientmProtectivemPrecaution:mImmunemcompromisedmpatientsmthatmneedmtombemsafeguardedmfr
ommenvironment
Give m6mexamplesmofmthe mtypesmofmpatientsmconsideredmimmune-comprisedmpatientsm-
m correctm answer1) m Newborn m babies m (especially m premature m babies)
,Remembermtheymdomnotmhave mthe mnecessarymantibodiesmandmhave mweakmcell-mediatedmimmunitym
2) melderly:mhavemamslowermimmunemsystem,mthatmdoesmnotmrespondmverymquicklymtominfectiousmagentsmu
ponmtheirmentry
3) mSurgicalmpatients:mtissue mexposuremduringmsurgerymthatmservesmasmamportalmentrymforminfectiousmagent
s
4) mimmune mcompromisedm(HIV/AIDS,mchemotherapympatients,morganmtransplant)
5) mseriouslymillmpatientsm(chemotherapy, mHIV/AID,morganmtransplant)
6) mphysicallymandmnutritionallymdepletedmpatientsmwhomare mnotmgettingmessentialmnutrientsmandmmineral
smandmenergymtomdevelopmamstrongmimmune msystem
Whatmismthe mcentralmpremise mof mStandardmprecautions?m-
m correctm answerAllm bodily m fluids m are m potentially m infectious
Name mamfewmexamplesmof mbodilymfluidsm-mcorrectmanswer*amnioticmfluid,m
*pleuralmfluidm(frommexcessmbuild-upmfluidminmpleuralmcavitymof mlungs)
*pericardialmfluidm(excessmbuildmupmfluidminmsac-like mstructure msurroundingmheart,mthe mpericardium)
*sputum
*nasalmsecretion
*blood
*non-intactmskin
*saliva
*semen
*vaginalmfluids
,Whatmare mthe m3mtypesmofmtransmissionmbasedmprecautionsm-
m correctm answer1) mcontactm (eithermdirectmorm indirect) m:many mskinm tom skinm contactm withmpatient, mgown,msu
rfacesmpatientmhasmtouches.
2) mdroplet:minfectiousmagentmthatmtransmitsminfectionmwhenmtheymtravelmfrommrespiratorymtractmfromminf
ectedmindividualmviamsneezingmormcoughingmtomsusceptiblemmucosalmsurfacesmofmrecipientm(lessmthanm3mfe
etmaway)
3) mairborne:mviamcontaminatedmdustmparticlesmormminutemdropletmnucleim(canmbemtransmittedmmoremthan
m 3m feetm away)
Give mexamplesmof mcommonmbacterialminfectionsm-mcorrectmanswer1) mStreptococcusm
2) mstaphylococcusm
3) mTuberculosis
Give mexamplesmof mcommonmviralminfectionsm-mcorrectmanswer1) mHIV m--> mAIDS
2) mEpstein-Barre msyndrome
3) mInfluenzamvirusm
4) mHepatitismB
Whatmare mcomplicationsmthatmresultmfrommbeingminfectedmwithmStreptococcus?m-
m correctm answerPharyngitis m (strepm throat), mtoxicm shockm syndrome, mrheumaticm fever,m scarletm fever, mskinm
infections
Whatmare msomemcomplicationmthatmresultmfrommbeingminfectedmwithmStaphylococcus?makamtoxicmshockms
yndrome m-
m correctm answermild m skinm infections m (pimples, m impetigo), m meningitis, m endocarditis, m andm pneumonia
Whatmare msome mcomplicationsmthatmresultmfrommbeingminfectedmwithmTB?m-
m correctm answercoughingmupmblood, mknownmasmrespiratory millness mthatmcauses mprogressive m lungm damag
e,mfever,mnightmsweats,mweightmloss.mItmcanmalsomeffectmmanymorgansmincludingmthe mkidneysmandmintestin
es
, WhatmismAIDS?m-
m correctm answerAIDS mismam complication m ofm HIV. mThismbasically m meansm thatm the minfected m individualm hasm l
ostmcell-
mediatedmimmunitym(themperson'sminnatemimmunemsystem) mandmaremtherefore mwaymmoremvulnerable mto
m opportunisticm infections. m
AIDSmstandsmformAcquiredmImmunodeficiency msyndrome
WhatmdoesmHepatitismBmcause/complications?mHowmismitmtransmitted?m-
m correctm answercauses m irreversible m liverm damage, m due m tom inflammation m of m liver. m (Cirrhosis)
Transmittedmmainlymthroughmsexualmcontact,msharingmneedles,mormothermdrugmequipment,mormevenmfrom
m motherm tom baby
HowmismHIV mtransmitted,mandmwhatmare msome mothermcomplicationsmbesidesmAIDS?m-
m correctm answerHIV mism transmitted mviam blood, mrectalm fluid,m vaginalm fluid,m semen,m breastm milk m inm mother.
m These m fluids m mustmcomemintomcontactmw/ mammucous mmembranemormdamagedmtissuemormbe mdirectly m inje
ctedmintomthe mbloodstream
WhatmdoesmEpstein-Barre msyndrome mcause/complications?m-
m correctm answerFirstm off m itm ism am herpesvirus m thatm infectsm Bm cellsm of m immune m system
Canmcause mBurkitt'smlymphoma:mlarge mtumorsminmfacialmandmabdominalmregionsm(cancermofmlymphaticmsy
stem)
Canmalsomcause mInfectiousmMononucleosis:mknownmasm"kissingmdisease"mtransmittedmthroughmsaliva.mItmc
anmcause mfever,mfatigue,msore mthroat,mandmswollenmlymphmnodes
WhatmcomplicationsmresultmfrommInfluenzamvirus?m-
m correctm answerFirstm off mitmism anmenveloped mvirusmthatmcanmundergom rapidm changes.m Thism ismalsomwhym th
ere mismannualmrenewalmofmthe mvaccine,mbecause mthe mvaccine mofmthe mpreviousmyearmismnotmeffective.
Complications:mcanmcause mfatalmbacterialmsuperinfectionsmespeciallyminmyoungmchildren
