Test Bank for Kaplan and Sadock’s Synopsis of Psychiatry
11th Edition Sadock newly generated
2 important psychiatric classifications are: - 1. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders (DSM) - APA
2. International Classification of Diseases (ICD) - WHO
How many DSM editions have there been? - Original plus 6
DSM-I, DSM-II, DSM-III, DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, DSM-IV-TR (text revision), DSM-5
Latest versions of DSM & ICD - DSM-5, ICD-10
All in DSM-5 are in ICD-10, but not all ICD-10 are in DSM-5
Official US nomenclature - DSM-5
What is the purpose of having systems of classification for psychiatric diagnoses? - 1. to
distinguish one psychiatric diagnosis from another, so most effective treatment can be
offered
2. to provide a common language among healthcare practitioners
3. to explore the still unknown causes of many mental disorders
Medicare & Medicaid requires - ICD-10 codes for mental disorders
What is meant by descriptive approach? - DSM-5 is atheoretical re: causes
Describes clinical features, only rarely discusses how it came about
What is meant by diagnostic criteria? Purpose? - Specified diagnostic criteria are
provided for each mental disorder, with features that must be present for diagnosis to
be made.
-increase reliability of diagnostic process
What is meant by systematic description? - Systematically describes each disorder:
age, culture, gender-related features
prevalence, incidence, risk
course
complications
predisposing factors
familial pattern
,DDx
when relevant labs & physical signs/symptoms
What is not included in DSM? - theories of causes, management or Tx
controversial issues
Neurodevelopmental Disorders (6) - usually 1st diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or
adolescence
Include:
-Intellectual Disability/Intellectual Developmental Disorder (prev mental retardation)
-Communication Disorders
-Autism Spectrum Disorder
-ADHD
-Specific Learning Disorders
-Motor Disorders
Intellectual Disability/Intellectual Developmental Disorder - Neurodevelopmental
Disorder
-Significant, below average intelligence and impairment in adaptive functioning (how
effective ppl are in achieving age-appropriate common demands; communication, self-
care, interpersonal skills)
-Classifications from DSM-IV: mild (50-55 to 70 IQ), moderate (35-40 to 50-55), severe
(20-25 to 35-40), profound (below 20-25)
Global developmental delay - variation of Intellectual disability
children >5yrs
severe defects exceeding Intellectual Disability Classification
Borderline intellectual functioning - not clearly differentiated from intellectual disability in
DSM-5
DSM-IV it meant IQ of about 70
Communication Disorders - Neurodevelopmental Disorder
4 types:
1. Language Disorder (impaired vocab, difficulty in age-appropriate sentences)
2. Speech sound disorder (difficulty in articulation)
3. childhood-onset fluency disorder/stuttering (difficulty in fluency, rate, rhythm)
4. social/pragmatic communication disorder (difficulty in social
interaction/communication w/ peers)
Autism Spectrum Disorder - Neurodevelopmental Disorder
-range of behaviors; multiple developmental areas (social relatedness, communication,
range of activity & repetitive & stereotypical patterns of behavior incl speech)
Level 1: able to speak w/ reduced social interaction (resembles Asperger's, not in DSM-
5)
, Level 2: minimal speech, minimal social interaction (Dx as Rett's disorder in DSM-IV,
not in 5)
Level 3: total lack of speech, no social interaction
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder - Neurodevelopmental Disorder
-persistent inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, or both that cause clinically
significant impairment in functioning
-unclear line btwn age-appropriate normal & disordered behavior; concern children w/o
are misdiagnosed & medicated
Specific Learning Disorders - Neurodevelopmental Disorder
-maturational deficits in development, associated w/ acquiring skills
-dyslexia - reading
-wirtten expression
-dyscalculia - mathematics
Motor Disorders - Neurodevelopmental Disorders
-motor coordination is below expectations based on age/intelligence and when
coordination problems significantly interfere with functioning
3 Major types of motor disorders? - 1. Developmental coordination disorder: impaired
development of motor coordination (delays in crawling, walking, dropping things, poor
sports performance)
2. Stereotypic movement disorder: repetitive motion activity (head banging, body
rocking)
3. tic disorder: sudden involuntary, recurrent & stereotyped movement or vocal sounds
2 types of tic disorders? - 1. Tourette's disorder: motor & vocal tics including coprolalia
2. Persistent chronic motor or vocal tic disorders: single motor or vocal tic
Schizophrenia Spectrum and other Psychotic Disorders (8) - Grouping in which
psychotic symptoms are prominent feature of clinical picture.
Include:
-Schizophrenia
-Delusional Disorder
-Brief Psychotic Disorder
-Schizophreniform Disorder
-Schizoaffective Disorder
-Substance/Medication-Induced Psychotic Disorder
-Psychotic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
-Catatonia
Schizotypal personality disorder - Not a psychotic disorder but under heading of
Schizophrenia Spectrum/Psychotic Disorders because it sometimes precedes full-blown
schizophrenia
11th Edition Sadock newly generated
2 important psychiatric classifications are: - 1. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders (DSM) - APA
2. International Classification of Diseases (ICD) - WHO
How many DSM editions have there been? - Original plus 6
DSM-I, DSM-II, DSM-III, DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, DSM-IV-TR (text revision), DSM-5
Latest versions of DSM & ICD - DSM-5, ICD-10
All in DSM-5 are in ICD-10, but not all ICD-10 are in DSM-5
Official US nomenclature - DSM-5
What is the purpose of having systems of classification for psychiatric diagnoses? - 1. to
distinguish one psychiatric diagnosis from another, so most effective treatment can be
offered
2. to provide a common language among healthcare practitioners
3. to explore the still unknown causes of many mental disorders
Medicare & Medicaid requires - ICD-10 codes for mental disorders
What is meant by descriptive approach? - DSM-5 is atheoretical re: causes
Describes clinical features, only rarely discusses how it came about
What is meant by diagnostic criteria? Purpose? - Specified diagnostic criteria are
provided for each mental disorder, with features that must be present for diagnosis to
be made.
-increase reliability of diagnostic process
What is meant by systematic description? - Systematically describes each disorder:
age, culture, gender-related features
prevalence, incidence, risk
course
complications
predisposing factors
familial pattern
,DDx
when relevant labs & physical signs/symptoms
What is not included in DSM? - theories of causes, management or Tx
controversial issues
Neurodevelopmental Disorders (6) - usually 1st diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or
adolescence
Include:
-Intellectual Disability/Intellectual Developmental Disorder (prev mental retardation)
-Communication Disorders
-Autism Spectrum Disorder
-ADHD
-Specific Learning Disorders
-Motor Disorders
Intellectual Disability/Intellectual Developmental Disorder - Neurodevelopmental
Disorder
-Significant, below average intelligence and impairment in adaptive functioning (how
effective ppl are in achieving age-appropriate common demands; communication, self-
care, interpersonal skills)
-Classifications from DSM-IV: mild (50-55 to 70 IQ), moderate (35-40 to 50-55), severe
(20-25 to 35-40), profound (below 20-25)
Global developmental delay - variation of Intellectual disability
children >5yrs
severe defects exceeding Intellectual Disability Classification
Borderline intellectual functioning - not clearly differentiated from intellectual disability in
DSM-5
DSM-IV it meant IQ of about 70
Communication Disorders - Neurodevelopmental Disorder
4 types:
1. Language Disorder (impaired vocab, difficulty in age-appropriate sentences)
2. Speech sound disorder (difficulty in articulation)
3. childhood-onset fluency disorder/stuttering (difficulty in fluency, rate, rhythm)
4. social/pragmatic communication disorder (difficulty in social
interaction/communication w/ peers)
Autism Spectrum Disorder - Neurodevelopmental Disorder
-range of behaviors; multiple developmental areas (social relatedness, communication,
range of activity & repetitive & stereotypical patterns of behavior incl speech)
Level 1: able to speak w/ reduced social interaction (resembles Asperger's, not in DSM-
5)
, Level 2: minimal speech, minimal social interaction (Dx as Rett's disorder in DSM-IV,
not in 5)
Level 3: total lack of speech, no social interaction
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder - Neurodevelopmental Disorder
-persistent inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, or both that cause clinically
significant impairment in functioning
-unclear line btwn age-appropriate normal & disordered behavior; concern children w/o
are misdiagnosed & medicated
Specific Learning Disorders - Neurodevelopmental Disorder
-maturational deficits in development, associated w/ acquiring skills
-dyslexia - reading
-wirtten expression
-dyscalculia - mathematics
Motor Disorders - Neurodevelopmental Disorders
-motor coordination is below expectations based on age/intelligence and when
coordination problems significantly interfere with functioning
3 Major types of motor disorders? - 1. Developmental coordination disorder: impaired
development of motor coordination (delays in crawling, walking, dropping things, poor
sports performance)
2. Stereotypic movement disorder: repetitive motion activity (head banging, body
rocking)
3. tic disorder: sudden involuntary, recurrent & stereotyped movement or vocal sounds
2 types of tic disorders? - 1. Tourette's disorder: motor & vocal tics including coprolalia
2. Persistent chronic motor or vocal tic disorders: single motor or vocal tic
Schizophrenia Spectrum and other Psychotic Disorders (8) - Grouping in which
psychotic symptoms are prominent feature of clinical picture.
Include:
-Schizophrenia
-Delusional Disorder
-Brief Psychotic Disorder
-Schizophreniform Disorder
-Schizoaffective Disorder
-Substance/Medication-Induced Psychotic Disorder
-Psychotic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
-Catatonia
Schizotypal personality disorder - Not a psychotic disorder but under heading of
Schizophrenia Spectrum/Psychotic Disorders because it sometimes precedes full-blown
schizophrenia
