CHAPTER 37: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE RENAL AND UROLOGIC SYSTEMS-EXAM REVIEW WITH 100% COMPLETE SOLUTION A+GRADED

CHAPTER 37: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE RENAL AND UROLOGIC SYSTEMS-EXAM REVIEW WITH 100% COMPLETE SOLUTION A+GRADED The area of the kidneys that contains the glomeruli and portions of the tubules is called the: - ANS-Cortex The cortex contains all the glomeruli and portions of the tubules of the kidneys. Although the other options are also located in the kidney, they do not contain the glomeruli. (1320) What is the functional unit of the kidney called? - ANS-The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. Although the other options are also located in the kidney, they are not its functional units. (1320) Which cells have phagocytic properties similar to monocytes and contract like smooth muscles cells, thereby influencing the glomerular filtration rate? - ANS-Mesangial cells Mesangial cells and the mesangial matrix, secreted by mesangial cells, lie between and support the glomerular capillaries. Different mesangial cells contract like smooth muscle cells to regulate glomerular capillary blood flow. They also have phagocytic properties similar to monocytes. The other options are not capable of these functions. (1321) The only surface inside the nephron where cells are covered with microvilli to increase the reabsorptive surface area is called the: - ANS-Proximal convoluted tubules The only surface inside the nephron where the cells are covered with microvilli (a brush border) is called the proximal convoluted tubules. This proximal convoluted tubular lumen consists of one layer of cuboidal cells with a surface layer of microvilli that increases the reabsorptive surface area. (1322) CONTINUES...