MICR 3050 Final Exam Study Guide
Questions with Correct Answers
Who is credited with the smallpox vaccine? - ANSWERSJenner
Who is credited with identifying the bacterium that causes tuberculosis? -
ANSWERSKoch
Who is credited with the rabies vaccine? - ANSWERSPasteur
Who is credited with disproving spontaneous generation? - ANSWERSPasteur
Who is credited with the discovery of bacterial endospores? - ANSWERSCohn
Who is credited with discovering bacteria? - ANSWERSLeeuwenhoek
Who is credited as the "Father of Modern Surgery"? - ANSWERSLister
Who is credited with showing that microbes carry out fermentations? -
ANSWERSPasteur
What are three ways in which you can increase the resolution of a bright-field
microscope? - ANSWERS- shorten wavelength
- increase refractive index
- use oil, trapping light rays
What is the purpose of a gram stain? - ANSWERSA differential stain that allows you to
classify bacteria as either gram-positive or gram-negative
What is the purpose of a acid-fast stain? - ANSWERSthe purpose of the acid-fast stain
is to differentiate between the myobactriace family of bacteria from all other bacteria
What is the purpose of a endospore stain? - ANSWERSBacterial endospore stains one
color while vegetative cell gets stained another color
What is the purpose of a negative stain? - ANSWERSCapsules are colorless against a
stained background
, What is a general purpose culture media? - ANSWERSSupports the growth of many
microorganisms
What is a differential culture media? - ANSWERSdistinguish between different groups of
microorganisms based on their biological characteristics
What is a selective media? - ANSWERScontains one or more agents that inhibit growth
of some microbes and encourage growth of the desired microbes
What is the cell size range for eukaryotes? - ANSWERS0.8 um - hundreds of um
What is the cell range for prokaryotes (Bacteria/Archaea)? - ANSWERS0.2 um - 750 um
What is the cell range for viruses? - ANSWERS0.01 um - 1 um
What is the distinguishable difference between lipoteichoic acids and teichoic acids? -
ANSWERSLipoteichoic acids are taller
What breaks the bond between NAG and NAM? - ANSWERSLysozyme
What happens to the cell walls during the addition of crystal violet? - ANSWERSIons
penetrate through cell wall and membrane of both gram positive and gram negative
cells staining both purple
What happens to the cell walls during the addition of iodine? - ANSWERSActs as a
mordant, trapping the crystal violet agent preventing the removal in gram positive cells
What happens to the cell walls during the addition of ethanol? - ANSWERSActs as a
decolorizer, removes the crystal violet from the gram negative cells?
What happens to the cell walls during the addition of safranin? - ANSWERSGives
decolorized gram-negative cells a pink or red color
How was the universal phylogenetic tree developed? - ANSWERSshows evolutionary
relationships among various biological species or entities
What is a pure culture? - ANSWERSA culture in which only one stain or clone is present
What is a bacterial strain? - ANSWERSConsists of the descendants of a single, pure
bacterial culture
What are two major functions of peptidoglycan? - ANSWERS- protect from harmful
substances
- maintain structure of cell wall
Questions with Correct Answers
Who is credited with the smallpox vaccine? - ANSWERSJenner
Who is credited with identifying the bacterium that causes tuberculosis? -
ANSWERSKoch
Who is credited with the rabies vaccine? - ANSWERSPasteur
Who is credited with disproving spontaneous generation? - ANSWERSPasteur
Who is credited with the discovery of bacterial endospores? - ANSWERSCohn
Who is credited with discovering bacteria? - ANSWERSLeeuwenhoek
Who is credited as the "Father of Modern Surgery"? - ANSWERSLister
Who is credited with showing that microbes carry out fermentations? -
ANSWERSPasteur
What are three ways in which you can increase the resolution of a bright-field
microscope? - ANSWERS- shorten wavelength
- increase refractive index
- use oil, trapping light rays
What is the purpose of a gram stain? - ANSWERSA differential stain that allows you to
classify bacteria as either gram-positive or gram-negative
What is the purpose of a acid-fast stain? - ANSWERSthe purpose of the acid-fast stain
is to differentiate between the myobactriace family of bacteria from all other bacteria
What is the purpose of a endospore stain? - ANSWERSBacterial endospore stains one
color while vegetative cell gets stained another color
What is the purpose of a negative stain? - ANSWERSCapsules are colorless against a
stained background
, What is a general purpose culture media? - ANSWERSSupports the growth of many
microorganisms
What is a differential culture media? - ANSWERSdistinguish between different groups of
microorganisms based on their biological characteristics
What is a selective media? - ANSWERScontains one or more agents that inhibit growth
of some microbes and encourage growth of the desired microbes
What is the cell size range for eukaryotes? - ANSWERS0.8 um - hundreds of um
What is the cell range for prokaryotes (Bacteria/Archaea)? - ANSWERS0.2 um - 750 um
What is the cell range for viruses? - ANSWERS0.01 um - 1 um
What is the distinguishable difference between lipoteichoic acids and teichoic acids? -
ANSWERSLipoteichoic acids are taller
What breaks the bond between NAG and NAM? - ANSWERSLysozyme
What happens to the cell walls during the addition of crystal violet? - ANSWERSIons
penetrate through cell wall and membrane of both gram positive and gram negative
cells staining both purple
What happens to the cell walls during the addition of iodine? - ANSWERSActs as a
mordant, trapping the crystal violet agent preventing the removal in gram positive cells
What happens to the cell walls during the addition of ethanol? - ANSWERSActs as a
decolorizer, removes the crystal violet from the gram negative cells?
What happens to the cell walls during the addition of safranin? - ANSWERSGives
decolorized gram-negative cells a pink or red color
How was the universal phylogenetic tree developed? - ANSWERSshows evolutionary
relationships among various biological species or entities
What is a pure culture? - ANSWERSA culture in which only one stain or clone is present
What is a bacterial strain? - ANSWERSConsists of the descendants of a single, pure
bacterial culture
What are two major functions of peptidoglycan? - ANSWERS- protect from harmful
substances
- maintain structure of cell wall
