Microbiology 3050 Exam 4 materials
Questions & Answers
Fermentation in chocolate - ANSWERS1. pulp fermented by yeast and lactic acid
2. high temperature and ethanol kill the beans
3. contributes to flavor and color
Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) - ANSWERSgram-positives that tolerate acidic conditions,
non-spore forming, aerotolerant with a strictly fermentative metabolism
Probiotics - ANSWERSlive microorganisms which when administered in adequate
amounts confer a health benefit to the host
Prebiotics - ANSWERSsubstances (like food) that promote the growth of probiotics
immunomodulation - ANSWERSinducing an immune response
Wine production - ANSWERS1. must preparation
2. fermentation
3. aging
4. racking
Beer and Ale production - ANSWERS1. mash
2. wort
3. fermentation
4. storage
must - ANSWERScrushed grapes that release sugar
mash - ANSWERScrushed grains that release sugar
wort - ANSWERSclear liquid containing fermentable sugars
distilling - ANSWERSboiling to produce alcohol in high percentage
, coagulation - ANSWERSadding chemicals that form a gelatin and trap insoluble
materials
Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) - ANSWERSOrganic water pollution (poop)
Nucelocapsid - ANSWERScapsid + nucleic acid
positive sense ssRNA - ANSWERSgenome and mRNA are same sequence
negative sense ssRNA - ANSWERSgenome and mRNA are compliments
viral envelopes - ANSWERSouter, flexible, membranous layer
Viral replication process - ANSWERS1. attachment
2. entry
3. uncoating of genome
4. synthesis
5. assembly
6. release
Latent period - ANSWERStime before virus is released
eclipse period - ANSWERSenzymes, nucleic acid, and protein coats form
Maturation period - ANSWERSstructural formation of virus
virulent (lytic) phage - ANSWERS- begins multiplying immediately after entry
-lyses bacterial host cell
Temperate (Lysogenic) phage - ANSWERSreproduce as virulent phages or remain
within host cell without destroying it
Lysogeny - ANSWERSnondestructive integration of viral genome into host
prophage - ANSWERSintegrated bacteriophage genome
integrase - ANSWERSenzymes that integrate viral genome to bacteria
Attachment site for viral integration - ANSWERSbetween galactose and biotin operons
Lysogenic conversion - ANSWERSchange in host phenotype induced by lysogeny
Lytic cycle - ANSWERStriggered by drop in levels of lambda repressor
excisionase - ANSWERS"SOS response enzymes", binds to integrate and enables it to
reverse integration process
Questions & Answers
Fermentation in chocolate - ANSWERS1. pulp fermented by yeast and lactic acid
2. high temperature and ethanol kill the beans
3. contributes to flavor and color
Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) - ANSWERSgram-positives that tolerate acidic conditions,
non-spore forming, aerotolerant with a strictly fermentative metabolism
Probiotics - ANSWERSlive microorganisms which when administered in adequate
amounts confer a health benefit to the host
Prebiotics - ANSWERSsubstances (like food) that promote the growth of probiotics
immunomodulation - ANSWERSinducing an immune response
Wine production - ANSWERS1. must preparation
2. fermentation
3. aging
4. racking
Beer and Ale production - ANSWERS1. mash
2. wort
3. fermentation
4. storage
must - ANSWERScrushed grapes that release sugar
mash - ANSWERScrushed grains that release sugar
wort - ANSWERSclear liquid containing fermentable sugars
distilling - ANSWERSboiling to produce alcohol in high percentage
, coagulation - ANSWERSadding chemicals that form a gelatin and trap insoluble
materials
Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) - ANSWERSOrganic water pollution (poop)
Nucelocapsid - ANSWERScapsid + nucleic acid
positive sense ssRNA - ANSWERSgenome and mRNA are same sequence
negative sense ssRNA - ANSWERSgenome and mRNA are compliments
viral envelopes - ANSWERSouter, flexible, membranous layer
Viral replication process - ANSWERS1. attachment
2. entry
3. uncoating of genome
4. synthesis
5. assembly
6. release
Latent period - ANSWERStime before virus is released
eclipse period - ANSWERSenzymes, nucleic acid, and protein coats form
Maturation period - ANSWERSstructural formation of virus
virulent (lytic) phage - ANSWERS- begins multiplying immediately after entry
-lyses bacterial host cell
Temperate (Lysogenic) phage - ANSWERSreproduce as virulent phages or remain
within host cell without destroying it
Lysogeny - ANSWERSnondestructive integration of viral genome into host
prophage - ANSWERSintegrated bacteriophage genome
integrase - ANSWERSenzymes that integrate viral genome to bacteria
Attachment site for viral integration - ANSWERSbetween galactose and biotin operons
Lysogenic conversion - ANSWERSchange in host phenotype induced by lysogeny
Lytic cycle - ANSWERStriggered by drop in levels of lambda repressor
excisionase - ANSWERS"SOS response enzymes", binds to integrate and enables it to
reverse integration process
