PRD FINAL EXAM UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Types of pain by origin - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-cutaneous/superficial: arises in the skin or the sq
tissue (hot stove ouch remove hand
-deep somatic: originates in ligaments, tendons, nerves, blood vessels, and bones (more localized and
described as achy or tender-from bone cancer and arthritis)
-visceral: is caused by the stimulation of deep internal pain receptors. it most often experienced in the
abd. cavity, cranium, or thorax (described as a cramping pain and tight pressure=strong clue to the
cause such as period, GI infections, bowel disorders
classification of pain - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-radiating/referred: extends to the other locations=
ex) heart attack then to left arm, sore throat extends to ears
-phantom: perceived to originate form an area that has been surgically removed (removed leg that
itches)
-psychogenic: believed to arise from the mind
classification of pain by cause - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-nociceptive: nociceptors, respond to
stimuli that are potentially damaging (tissue damage)
-neuropathic: comlex and often chronic pain that arise when injury to one or more nerves (trauma,
surgery, or inflammation ): nerve damamge
description of pain - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-quality: described as sharp, dull, aching, throbbing,
stabbing, burning, ripping, searing, or tingling
-periodicity: referred to as episodic, intermittent or constant
-intensity: mild, distracting, moderate severe, or intolerable
pain classified by duration - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅acute: rapid onset, short duration, varies in
intensity, educate pt to know tissue will heal and pain willl be gone
-chronic: >6 months (remission and exacerbation sometimes)
-intractable: chronic and highly resistant to releif, may use multiple modalities to treat this kind fo pain
, physiology of pain - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-transduction: activiation of nociceptors by stimuli
-transmission: conduction of pain message to spinal cord
-pain perception: recognizing and defining pain in cortex
-pain modulation: changing pain perception
body reaction to pain: impact of unrelieved pain on body systems - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-
endocrine, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, respiratory, genitourinary, GI
endocrine - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-ongoing pain triggers excessive release of the hormones
identical tropic hormone, cortisol, ADH, growth hormone, catecholamines, and glucagon.
-insulin and testosterone levels decrease and these hormones shift active carbohydrate proteins and fat
catabolism (breakdown) and cause hyperglycemia and poor glucose use.
-the inflammatroy process combiend w these endocrine and metabolic changes can resut in weight loss,
tachy, fever, increased RR and even death
cardiovascular - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-unrelieved pain typically leads to hypercoagulation which
is increased clotting, increase in HR, BP, cardiac workload, cardiac O2 consumption, and O2 demand.
heart and myocardium can suffer ischemia, which can result in MI
musculoskeletal - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅causes impaired muslce function, fatigue, immobility.
poorly controlled pain can prevent pt from performing AdLs and engaging in PT. we want to treat the
pain as much as we can to prevent this
respiratory - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-shallow and rapid breths to limit thoracic and abd movment
(splinting). This reduces tidal volume (air expired w each breath) and it increase inspiratory and
expiratory pressures. can lead to PNA, atelectasis, underventilation and resp acidosis.
treating pain in someone who cant breathe - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-if they have incision is very
important
-splinting w pillow may help w incisional pain which will help them brethe more.
intense pain - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-tachycardia, HTN, tachypneic.
ANSWERS
Types of pain by origin - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-cutaneous/superficial: arises in the skin or the sq
tissue (hot stove ouch remove hand
-deep somatic: originates in ligaments, tendons, nerves, blood vessels, and bones (more localized and
described as achy or tender-from bone cancer and arthritis)
-visceral: is caused by the stimulation of deep internal pain receptors. it most often experienced in the
abd. cavity, cranium, or thorax (described as a cramping pain and tight pressure=strong clue to the
cause such as period, GI infections, bowel disorders
classification of pain - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-radiating/referred: extends to the other locations=
ex) heart attack then to left arm, sore throat extends to ears
-phantom: perceived to originate form an area that has been surgically removed (removed leg that
itches)
-psychogenic: believed to arise from the mind
classification of pain by cause - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-nociceptive: nociceptors, respond to
stimuli that are potentially damaging (tissue damage)
-neuropathic: comlex and often chronic pain that arise when injury to one or more nerves (trauma,
surgery, or inflammation ): nerve damamge
description of pain - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-quality: described as sharp, dull, aching, throbbing,
stabbing, burning, ripping, searing, or tingling
-periodicity: referred to as episodic, intermittent or constant
-intensity: mild, distracting, moderate severe, or intolerable
pain classified by duration - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅acute: rapid onset, short duration, varies in
intensity, educate pt to know tissue will heal and pain willl be gone
-chronic: >6 months (remission and exacerbation sometimes)
-intractable: chronic and highly resistant to releif, may use multiple modalities to treat this kind fo pain
, physiology of pain - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-transduction: activiation of nociceptors by stimuli
-transmission: conduction of pain message to spinal cord
-pain perception: recognizing and defining pain in cortex
-pain modulation: changing pain perception
body reaction to pain: impact of unrelieved pain on body systems - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-
endocrine, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, respiratory, genitourinary, GI
endocrine - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-ongoing pain triggers excessive release of the hormones
identical tropic hormone, cortisol, ADH, growth hormone, catecholamines, and glucagon.
-insulin and testosterone levels decrease and these hormones shift active carbohydrate proteins and fat
catabolism (breakdown) and cause hyperglycemia and poor glucose use.
-the inflammatroy process combiend w these endocrine and metabolic changes can resut in weight loss,
tachy, fever, increased RR and even death
cardiovascular - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-unrelieved pain typically leads to hypercoagulation which
is increased clotting, increase in HR, BP, cardiac workload, cardiac O2 consumption, and O2 demand.
heart and myocardium can suffer ischemia, which can result in MI
musculoskeletal - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅causes impaired muslce function, fatigue, immobility.
poorly controlled pain can prevent pt from performing AdLs and engaging in PT. we want to treat the
pain as much as we can to prevent this
respiratory - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-shallow and rapid breths to limit thoracic and abd movment
(splinting). This reduces tidal volume (air expired w each breath) and it increase inspiratory and
expiratory pressures. can lead to PNA, atelectasis, underventilation and resp acidosis.
treating pain in someone who cant breathe - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-if they have incision is very
important
-splinting w pillow may help w incisional pain which will help them brethe more.
intense pain - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-tachycardia, HTN, tachypneic.
