Micro 3050 Exam 4 Clemson
Questions with Correct Answers
pylori: Resident, can degrade mucus layer, raise the pH, and cause ulcers
Describe the characteristics of the small intestine and the microbes there. List some
examples. - ANSWERS- pH increases (4-5), volume of bacteria increases
- Enterococci, lactobacilli
Describe the characteristics of the large intestine and the microbes there. List some
examples. - ANSWERS- pH = 7, ideal for bacteria
- LARGEST microbial population, obligate anaerobes, make essential vitamins (B12, K)
and gas, reproduce/replace rapidly
- Make up ⅓ of fecal matter weight
- Bacteroides, Clostridium
Describe the characteristics of the respiratory tract and the microbes there. What are
some mechanisms of removal there? List some examples. - ANSWERS- UPPER
respiratory tract (sinuses → larynx)
- Lower respiratory tract (trachea → lungs) have NO residential microbes, too small to
get in
- Removed via mucus made by goblet cells, ciliated epithelial cells pushing them back
up, phagocytes, lysozyme in mucus
- Staphylococci, streptococci
Describe the characteristics of the urogenital tract and the microbes there. List some
examples. - ANSWERS- Kidney, ureter, bladder = NO microbes
- End of urethra = a few microbes, site of UTI when E. coli from feces is introduced
- Vagina = Complex microbiota due to hormones
- Lactobacillus acidophilus predominates, keeps vagina acidic
- Male genital tract is similar to the skin
Distinguish between infection and disease. - ANSWERS- Infection: Microbe established
in/on body and colonizing, growing, not necessarily harmed by it
Questions with Correct Answers
pylori: Resident, can degrade mucus layer, raise the pH, and cause ulcers
Describe the characteristics of the small intestine and the microbes there. List some
examples. - ANSWERS- pH increases (4-5), volume of bacteria increases
- Enterococci, lactobacilli
Describe the characteristics of the large intestine and the microbes there. List some
examples. - ANSWERS- pH = 7, ideal for bacteria
- LARGEST microbial population, obligate anaerobes, make essential vitamins (B12, K)
and gas, reproduce/replace rapidly
- Make up ⅓ of fecal matter weight
- Bacteroides, Clostridium
Describe the characteristics of the respiratory tract and the microbes there. What are
some mechanisms of removal there? List some examples. - ANSWERS- UPPER
respiratory tract (sinuses → larynx)
- Lower respiratory tract (trachea → lungs) have NO residential microbes, too small to
get in
- Removed via mucus made by goblet cells, ciliated epithelial cells pushing them back
up, phagocytes, lysozyme in mucus
- Staphylococci, streptococci
Describe the characteristics of the urogenital tract and the microbes there. List some
examples. - ANSWERS- Kidney, ureter, bladder = NO microbes
- End of urethra = a few microbes, site of UTI when E. coli from feces is introduced
- Vagina = Complex microbiota due to hormones
- Lactobacillus acidophilus predominates, keeps vagina acidic
- Male genital tract is similar to the skin
Distinguish between infection and disease. - ANSWERS- Infection: Microbe established
in/on body and colonizing, growing, not necessarily harmed by it
