HESI Pharmacology Exam Questions and Verified
Answers
.↑ - ANSWER-Topiramate (Topamax) may ____ effects of phenytoin.
.↓ - ANSWER-Valproic acid may ____ effects of topiramate (Topamax).
.↓ hearing (ototoxicity) - ANSWER-What symptoms are adverse effect when
taking aminoglycosides (Gentamicin [Garamycin], neomycin, tobramycin
[Nebcin])?
.< 100 mg/dL - ANSWER-LDL desired level
.< 130 mg/dL - ANSWER-VLDL desired level
.< 150 mg/dL - ANSWER-Triglycerides desired level
.</= to 200 mg/dL - ANSWER-Total cholesterol desired level
.>/= to 60 mg/dL - ANSWER-HDL desired level
.0-35 - ANSWER-AST normal level
,.0.5 - 2 ng/mL - ANSWER-What is the normal range for digoxin?
.0.5 to 1.5 mEq/L - ANSWER-Normal lithium levels
.1 hour before or 2 hours after - ANSWER-Taking medications on an empty
stomach (____ hour before or ____ hours after eating)
.1. assess overall condition of the veins. Use large vein, like antecubital (AC) vein
when administering potassium.
2. Venous access is important because IV potassium can irritate the vein.
3. Have patient notify nurse immediately if burning at site. IV K+ extravasation
can cause necrosis of tissues.
4. Calculate and set the rate as ordered, know anticipated duration of therapy.
5. Know restrictions imposed by patient's history.
6. Don't give IV push; use at a rate no greater than 10 mEq/hr for peripheral IV
and 20 mEq/hr for central line. Always use infusion pump.
7. Assess IV site every hour.
8. Treatment of hypokalemia adults IV: 10-20 mEq/dose (maximum 40
mEq/dose) to infuse over 2-3 hr (maximum infusion rate: 40mEq/hr) - ANSWER-
IV potassium KCL nursing considerations
.1. Avoid taking lasix with aminoglycosides due to potential risk of ototoxicity.
2. Pt may need to be potassium supplements. - ANSWER-Lasix nursing
considerations.
.1. Don't take if pregnant (Stop drug is become pregnant).
,2. Don't take with high fat meal.
3. May increase potassium so don't take with other drugs that increase
potassium. - ANSWER-Teaching for Aliskiren (Tekturna)?
.1.) Take lovastatin with evening meals. 2.) All other statins can be taken
without regards to meals. 3.) Dosing in the evenings is preferred for all satins.
4.) Take with at least 6 oz. of water. 5.) Take with food to decrease GI distress.
6.) Avoid alcohol 7.) Avoid foods that are high in fats 8.) Increase fiber in diet
due to constipation SE. - ANSWER-Statin Teaching diet.
.1.5-2.5 - ANSWER-normal magnesium level
.1) 1 to 2 minutes; 2) bronchodilator; 3) 2 to 5 minutes; - ANSWER-When using
an inhaler, make sure to wait ___(1)___ in between puffs of same drug. If using
2 different drugs make sure use ___(2)___ first then glucocorticoids or anti-
inflammatory → wait ___(3)___ between inhalation of the medication.
.1) 10 2) 100 - ANSWER-Concentration of hep-lock solution is either __(1)__
units/mL or __(2)__ units/mL.
.1) 10,000 2) 20,000 3) 50,000 - ANSWER-Concentration for heparin injection is
___(1)___ units/mL or ___(2)___ units/mL or even ___(3)___ units/mL.
.1) 5 to 7; 2) 30; 3) toxicity - ANSWER-Peak and trough schedule - initially and
then every ___1___ days; check peak levels __2__ minutes after IV infusion;
check trough levels immediately before (less than 30 minutes) the next dose;
elevated trough signifies ___3___. Vancomycin and aminoglycosides.
, .1) Assess and document neuromuscular and GI symptoms. 2) May take 4-6
weeks to see therapeutic effects. 3) Take meds as prescribed. 4) Carefully
monitor patient for self-harm or suicide; 5) obtain list of all other meds, etc. -
ANSWER-Discharge teaching for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (Prozac,
Zoloft, Paxil).
.1) claudication 2) ischemic - ANSWER-Pentoxifylline (Trental) for intermittent
____(1)____ (like cilastozal [Pletal]) - treats ____(2)____ pain.
.1) do not administer to pregnant women and to children under age 8 (can cause
discoloration of permanent teeth and possibly retard fetal skeletal development
in utero); 2) interacts with antacids, antidiarrheal drugs, calcium, and iron
preparations (absorption of tetracycline is reduced); 3) avoid dairy products
[milk, cheese, yogurt, ice cream]; 4) photosensitivity (use sunscreen and
protective clothing); take medication around the clock (what does this mean?);
5) instruct pt. to notify MD if diarrhea, abdominal cramping, fever, watery or
bloody stools occur and not to treat with antidiarrheal without consulting
health care provider (may have pseudomembranous colitis). 6) OCPs ineffective.
- ANSWER-Tetracycline teachings to patient
.1) dopaminergic activation; 2) Shock; 3) renal - ANSWER-The effects of
___(1)___ activation causes dilation of the renal vasculature; this effect is
exploited in the treatment of ___(2)___; by dilating ___(3)___ blood vessels, we
can improve renal perfusion and can thereby reduce the risk of renal failure.
.1) LFTs 2) stroke 3) MI 4) GI 5) Anemia - ANSWER-Diclofenac (Zipsor) NSAID;
also can increase __(1)__ (hepatotoxicity). Like other NSAIDs, may increase risk
of __(2)__ and __(3)__. SE as other NSAIDs, including __(4)__ bleeding. Check
for __(5)___.
Answers
.↑ - ANSWER-Topiramate (Topamax) may ____ effects of phenytoin.
.↓ - ANSWER-Valproic acid may ____ effects of topiramate (Topamax).
.↓ hearing (ototoxicity) - ANSWER-What symptoms are adverse effect when
taking aminoglycosides (Gentamicin [Garamycin], neomycin, tobramycin
[Nebcin])?
.< 100 mg/dL - ANSWER-LDL desired level
.< 130 mg/dL - ANSWER-VLDL desired level
.< 150 mg/dL - ANSWER-Triglycerides desired level
.</= to 200 mg/dL - ANSWER-Total cholesterol desired level
.>/= to 60 mg/dL - ANSWER-HDL desired level
.0-35 - ANSWER-AST normal level
,.0.5 - 2 ng/mL - ANSWER-What is the normal range for digoxin?
.0.5 to 1.5 mEq/L - ANSWER-Normal lithium levels
.1 hour before or 2 hours after - ANSWER-Taking medications on an empty
stomach (____ hour before or ____ hours after eating)
.1. assess overall condition of the veins. Use large vein, like antecubital (AC) vein
when administering potassium.
2. Venous access is important because IV potassium can irritate the vein.
3. Have patient notify nurse immediately if burning at site. IV K+ extravasation
can cause necrosis of tissues.
4. Calculate and set the rate as ordered, know anticipated duration of therapy.
5. Know restrictions imposed by patient's history.
6. Don't give IV push; use at a rate no greater than 10 mEq/hr for peripheral IV
and 20 mEq/hr for central line. Always use infusion pump.
7. Assess IV site every hour.
8. Treatment of hypokalemia adults IV: 10-20 mEq/dose (maximum 40
mEq/dose) to infuse over 2-3 hr (maximum infusion rate: 40mEq/hr) - ANSWER-
IV potassium KCL nursing considerations
.1. Avoid taking lasix with aminoglycosides due to potential risk of ototoxicity.
2. Pt may need to be potassium supplements. - ANSWER-Lasix nursing
considerations.
.1. Don't take if pregnant (Stop drug is become pregnant).
,2. Don't take with high fat meal.
3. May increase potassium so don't take with other drugs that increase
potassium. - ANSWER-Teaching for Aliskiren (Tekturna)?
.1.) Take lovastatin with evening meals. 2.) All other statins can be taken
without regards to meals. 3.) Dosing in the evenings is preferred for all satins.
4.) Take with at least 6 oz. of water. 5.) Take with food to decrease GI distress.
6.) Avoid alcohol 7.) Avoid foods that are high in fats 8.) Increase fiber in diet
due to constipation SE. - ANSWER-Statin Teaching diet.
.1.5-2.5 - ANSWER-normal magnesium level
.1) 1 to 2 minutes; 2) bronchodilator; 3) 2 to 5 minutes; - ANSWER-When using
an inhaler, make sure to wait ___(1)___ in between puffs of same drug. If using
2 different drugs make sure use ___(2)___ first then glucocorticoids or anti-
inflammatory → wait ___(3)___ between inhalation of the medication.
.1) 10 2) 100 - ANSWER-Concentration of hep-lock solution is either __(1)__
units/mL or __(2)__ units/mL.
.1) 10,000 2) 20,000 3) 50,000 - ANSWER-Concentration for heparin injection is
___(1)___ units/mL or ___(2)___ units/mL or even ___(3)___ units/mL.
.1) 5 to 7; 2) 30; 3) toxicity - ANSWER-Peak and trough schedule - initially and
then every ___1___ days; check peak levels __2__ minutes after IV infusion;
check trough levels immediately before (less than 30 minutes) the next dose;
elevated trough signifies ___3___. Vancomycin and aminoglycosides.
, .1) Assess and document neuromuscular and GI symptoms. 2) May take 4-6
weeks to see therapeutic effects. 3) Take meds as prescribed. 4) Carefully
monitor patient for self-harm or suicide; 5) obtain list of all other meds, etc. -
ANSWER-Discharge teaching for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (Prozac,
Zoloft, Paxil).
.1) claudication 2) ischemic - ANSWER-Pentoxifylline (Trental) for intermittent
____(1)____ (like cilastozal [Pletal]) - treats ____(2)____ pain.
.1) do not administer to pregnant women and to children under age 8 (can cause
discoloration of permanent teeth and possibly retard fetal skeletal development
in utero); 2) interacts with antacids, antidiarrheal drugs, calcium, and iron
preparations (absorption of tetracycline is reduced); 3) avoid dairy products
[milk, cheese, yogurt, ice cream]; 4) photosensitivity (use sunscreen and
protective clothing); take medication around the clock (what does this mean?);
5) instruct pt. to notify MD if diarrhea, abdominal cramping, fever, watery or
bloody stools occur and not to treat with antidiarrheal without consulting
health care provider (may have pseudomembranous colitis). 6) OCPs ineffective.
- ANSWER-Tetracycline teachings to patient
.1) dopaminergic activation; 2) Shock; 3) renal - ANSWER-The effects of
___(1)___ activation causes dilation of the renal vasculature; this effect is
exploited in the treatment of ___(2)___; by dilating ___(3)___ blood vessels, we
can improve renal perfusion and can thereby reduce the risk of renal failure.
.1) LFTs 2) stroke 3) MI 4) GI 5) Anemia - ANSWER-Diclofenac (Zipsor) NSAID;
also can increase __(1)__ (hepatotoxicity). Like other NSAIDs, may increase risk
of __(2)__ and __(3)__. SE as other NSAIDs, including __(4)__ bleeding. Check
for __(5)___.
