Bio 242 Midterm ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED

Bio 242 Midterm ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED Leave the first rating Practice questions for this set Terms in this set (128) Parasite An organism that feeds on a living host Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation How did Pasteur disprove spontaneous generation? 1. Disproved that heating destroys life-generating substances; he heated a substance, showed nothing grew with a cork stuck in, but when cork was removed, microorganisms grew 2. Showed that spontaneous generation doesn't occur even with oxygen; in 2 flasks with oxygens that were identical, the one in which microbes go in had microbes; the other one with a swan neck, so that dust settled at the bottom of the curve, didn't have microbes growing inside the flask 3. He proved that spontaneous generation doesn't occur, but organisms were found in air Major groups of microorganisms Bacteria, Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, Fungi, Viruses: noncellular, parasitic, protein- coated genetic elements Viruses noncellular, parasitic, protein-coated genetic elements that cause harm to host cells Antonie van Leeuwenhoek () - "father of microbiology" - made a crude microscope to examine threads in fabric - made drawings of what he called "animalcules" in rainwater and scraped from his teeth Louis Pasteur () - invented pasteurization - showed that human diseases could arise from infection What are cell (plasma) membranes made of? phospholipids and proteins mRNA - copy of a gene - transport the DNA master to the ribosome tRNA - carrier that transports the correct amino acids to the ribosome - brings amino acids to ribosomes during translation rRNA - major component of ribosomes - forms the major parts of the ribosome and helps with protein synthesis The Five I's of culturing Inoculation Incubation Isolation Inspection Identification Inoculation The introduction of a pathogen or antigen into a living organism to stimulate the production of antibodies. Incubation maintaining something at the most favorable temperature for its development Isolation Separate colonies on solid media, or turbidity in broths. Subculturing involves taking a bit of growth from an isolated colony and inoculating a separate medium. Inspection The colonies or broth cultures are observed macroscopically for growth characteristics that could be useful in analyzing the specimen contents. Slides are made to assess microscopic details such as cell shape, size, and motility. Staining techniques may be used to gather specific information on microscopic morphology. Identification determining and recording traits of organisms for placement into taxonomic schemes. Tests to determine metabolic activities specific to the microbe, immunologic tests, and genetic analysis.