BIO 229 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE

BIO 229 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE Leave the first rating Practice questions for this set Terms in this set (97) 4 Basic Functions of Proteins 1. Structural Proteins: contribute to 3-D structure of the organism 2. Motility Proteins: involved in muscle contraction (animal cells) structure and movement (bacterial cells) 3. Enzymes: increase the rate of chemical reactions 4. Antibodies: involved in the immune response to foreign material 4 Levels of Complexity of Protein Structure 1. Primary: consists of specific amino acids and the order in which they are joined 2. Secondary: various amino acid interactions form a-helices and B-sheets 3. Tertirary: the protein folds into a 3-D shape as a result of the helices and sheets folding back on themselves; results in globular (tightly coiled and spherical) and fibrous (long chain of peptides) 4. Quartenary: composed of more than 1 polypeptide chain held together by weaker bonds Importance of Proteases in Microbial Metabolism degrade an extracellular protein into smaller peptides that can be transported into the cell and digested Casein Positive the organism produces extracellular proteolytic enzymes that break down casein into smaller polypeptides the medium will become clear Casein Negative the casein protein is not broken down medium will remain cloudy Substrates of gelatinase and factors that influence the production of this enzyme gelatin temperature, metal cations, and carbon sources Why is gelatinase considered a virulence factor because it plays a role in the spread of bacteria from environments containing a large numbers of organisms to new locations in the body Importance of viewing gelatinase tubes cold because it's solid cold and liquid warm Gelatinase Positive the gelatin will be hydrolyzed into its constituent amino acids the intact molecules will no longer be present medium will be liquid Gelatinase Negative the medium will remain solid because the intact gelatin molecule is present and causes medium to gel General classification of fibronigen a glycoprotein that is involved in many cellular processes 2 Types of Fibronigen 1. an insoluble dimeric glycoprotein that serves as a linker in the connective tissue that surrounds and supports cells in mammalian tissues 2. a soluble disulfide linked dimeric glycoprotein that is synthesized by hepatocytes and is found in the plasma Biochemical mechanism by which coagulase leads to the formation of a fibrin clot it's secreted from the bacterial cells binds to promothrombin to form a complex known as staphylothrombin this complex activates the protease activity of thrombin which then converts fibronigen to fibrin fibrin molecules combine to form long threads that eventually becomes a clot Why is coagulase considered a virulence factor the formation of the clot protects organisms from phagocytosis by white blood cells and physically isolates the organism from other host immune system defensive mechanisms Describe how false positive reactions are minimized when using citrated rabbit plasma tubes it provides a source of citrate and EDTA which are anticoagulates