BIO 270 Exam 4 (final) – Hynd questions
well answered already passed A+
endocrinology - correct answer ✔✔study of homeostatic activities accomplished
by hormones
hormone - correct answer ✔✔chemical released into blood to regulate distant
target cells
hormones exert effect on _____ cells some distance away from the site of release
- correct answer ✔✔target
major glands of the central endocrine system - correct answer ✔✔hypothalamus
and pituitary
major glands of the peripheral endocrine system - correct answer ✔✔thyroid,
adrenal, parathyroid, gonads
major processes the endocrine system can regulate include... - correct answer
✔✔- reproduction, growth and development
- elecrolyte/water/nutrient balance of blood
- cellular metabolism/energy balance
- immune defenses
,phospholipids - correct answer ✔✔double layered barrier that allows only small,
non-polar (lipid, steroids, etc.) across
on the outer region of phospholipids, polar heads are (hydrophilic/hydrophobic) -
correct answer ✔✔hydrophilic (attracted to water)
on the center region of phospholipids, tails are (hydrophilic/hydrophobic) - correct
answer ✔✔hydrophobic (deterrent of water)
endocrine gland - correct answer ✔✔structure that synthesizes and secretes
hormones into the blood
exocrine gland - correct answer ✔✔structure that synthesizes and secretes a
product by way of a duct to an external environment (sweat glands, pancreatic
acini)
tropic hormone - correct answer ✔✔hormone that regulates production and
secretion of another hormone
(endocrine/exocrine) glands are ductless - correct answer ✔✔endocrine
types of hormones - correct answer ✔✔hydrophilic, lipophilic
hydrophilic hormones - correct answer ✔✔highly soluble in water
,types of hydrophilic hormones - correct answer ✔✔peptide (i.e. insulin),
catecholamines (i.e. NE, Epi)
lipophilic hormones - correct answer ✔✔highly soluble in lipids
types of lipophilic hormones - correct answer ✔✔thyroid hormone (derived from
tyrosine), steroid hormones (derived from cholesterol)
processing of peptide hormones - correct answer ✔✔1. preprohormones are
synthesized from rER and migrate to Golgi in membrane bound vesicles
2. while in ER and golgi, preprohormones are processed into prohormones
followed by active hormones
3. golgi packages and labels hormones into secretory vesicles that are stored in
cytoplasm until appropriate signal
4. upon signal, vesicle membrane fuses with plasma membrane and peptide
hormone is exocytosed
peptide hormones are synthesized by endocrine as..... - correct answer ✔✔any
protein that is destined for export from the cell
processing of steroid hormones - correct answer ✔✔1) Cholesterol is the
precursor for all
steroid hormones
2) Enzymatic reactions modify the side groups on cholesterol
(Specific enzymes are localized to
particular steroidogenic organs/glands)
, 3) Once formed, steroids immediately diffuse through plasma membrane to reach
blood
- (Only cholesterol is stored in significant quantities)
4) Following secretion, some steroid hormones, and thyroid hormone, are
changed into more potent or different hormones
peptide hormones dissolve in .... - correct answer ✔✔blood
how are steroid/thyroid hormones transported? - correct answer ✔✔cannot
dissolve in blood, bind to plasma proteins
some plasma proteins only carry _____ lipophilic hormones, while others
(albumin) pick up ____ hormone - correct answer ✔✔specific, any
transport of catecholamines - correct answer ✔✔50% circulate as free hormones,
50% bind to albumin
only (bound/unbound) hormones are active and capable of binding with target
cell receptors, why? - correct answer ✔✔unbound - ensures large reserve pool to
replenish "free" pool
to induce a response, hormones must bind to.... - correct answer ✔✔receptors
associated with their target cell
hormone receptor - correct answer ✔✔protein that recognizes and binds to a
specific hormone, can be on the plasma membrane or inside the cell
well answered already passed A+
endocrinology - correct answer ✔✔study of homeostatic activities accomplished
by hormones
hormone - correct answer ✔✔chemical released into blood to regulate distant
target cells
hormones exert effect on _____ cells some distance away from the site of release
- correct answer ✔✔target
major glands of the central endocrine system - correct answer ✔✔hypothalamus
and pituitary
major glands of the peripheral endocrine system - correct answer ✔✔thyroid,
adrenal, parathyroid, gonads
major processes the endocrine system can regulate include... - correct answer
✔✔- reproduction, growth and development
- elecrolyte/water/nutrient balance of blood
- cellular metabolism/energy balance
- immune defenses
,phospholipids - correct answer ✔✔double layered barrier that allows only small,
non-polar (lipid, steroids, etc.) across
on the outer region of phospholipids, polar heads are (hydrophilic/hydrophobic) -
correct answer ✔✔hydrophilic (attracted to water)
on the center region of phospholipids, tails are (hydrophilic/hydrophobic) - correct
answer ✔✔hydrophobic (deterrent of water)
endocrine gland - correct answer ✔✔structure that synthesizes and secretes
hormones into the blood
exocrine gland - correct answer ✔✔structure that synthesizes and secretes a
product by way of a duct to an external environment (sweat glands, pancreatic
acini)
tropic hormone - correct answer ✔✔hormone that regulates production and
secretion of another hormone
(endocrine/exocrine) glands are ductless - correct answer ✔✔endocrine
types of hormones - correct answer ✔✔hydrophilic, lipophilic
hydrophilic hormones - correct answer ✔✔highly soluble in water
,types of hydrophilic hormones - correct answer ✔✔peptide (i.e. insulin),
catecholamines (i.e. NE, Epi)
lipophilic hormones - correct answer ✔✔highly soluble in lipids
types of lipophilic hormones - correct answer ✔✔thyroid hormone (derived from
tyrosine), steroid hormones (derived from cholesterol)
processing of peptide hormones - correct answer ✔✔1. preprohormones are
synthesized from rER and migrate to Golgi in membrane bound vesicles
2. while in ER and golgi, preprohormones are processed into prohormones
followed by active hormones
3. golgi packages and labels hormones into secretory vesicles that are stored in
cytoplasm until appropriate signal
4. upon signal, vesicle membrane fuses with plasma membrane and peptide
hormone is exocytosed
peptide hormones are synthesized by endocrine as..... - correct answer ✔✔any
protein that is destined for export from the cell
processing of steroid hormones - correct answer ✔✔1) Cholesterol is the
precursor for all
steroid hormones
2) Enzymatic reactions modify the side groups on cholesterol
(Specific enzymes are localized to
particular steroidogenic organs/glands)
, 3) Once formed, steroids immediately diffuse through plasma membrane to reach
blood
- (Only cholesterol is stored in significant quantities)
4) Following secretion, some steroid hormones, and thyroid hormone, are
changed into more potent or different hormones
peptide hormones dissolve in .... - correct answer ✔✔blood
how are steroid/thyroid hormones transported? - correct answer ✔✔cannot
dissolve in blood, bind to plasma proteins
some plasma proteins only carry _____ lipophilic hormones, while others
(albumin) pick up ____ hormone - correct answer ✔✔specific, any
transport of catecholamines - correct answer ✔✔50% circulate as free hormones,
50% bind to albumin
only (bound/unbound) hormones are active and capable of binding with target
cell receptors, why? - correct answer ✔✔unbound - ensures large reserve pool to
replenish "free" pool
to induce a response, hormones must bind to.... - correct answer ✔✔receptors
associated with their target cell
hormone receptor - correct answer ✔✔protein that recognizes and binds to a
specific hormone, can be on the plasma membrane or inside the cell
