PCA PLANT PATHOGENS EXAM NEWEST 2025 COMPLETE 100
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
.Abiotic factors of plant disease - ANSWER-Air pollution, temperature, nutrients
.Advantages and Disadvantages of fumigation - ANSWER-Fumigants are biocides
so they have the potential to kill pathogens, but they can also kill beneficials
and crops. Have to be applied pre-plant, are expensive, and may not fully
control
.Agrobacterium sp. - ANSWER-Crown gall
.Alternaria sp. - ANSWER-Tomato black mold
.Antagonists - ANSWER-an organism that limits or counteracts another organism
.antibiotics - ANSWER-compounds that block the growth and reproduction of
bacteria
.Apothecium - ANSWER-cup-shaped ascocarp
.Apple scab biology - ANSWER-Necrotroph
.Apple scab class - ANSWER-Ascomycetes
,.Apple scab life cycle - ANSWER-Sexual stage: ascospores from pseudothecia
Asexual structure: conidia
Resistant survival stage: overwinters in fallen apple leaves
Host range: apple, crabapple
.Apple scab management - ANSWER-Resistant cultivars, fungicides,
removal/destruction of fallen leaves
.Apple scab symptoms and signs - ANSWER-Lesions on leaves and flowers, scabs
on apples, defoliation and cracked/deformed fruit
.Arceuthobium sp. - ANSWER-Dwarf mistletoe
.Armillaria sp. - ANSWER-Oak root fungus
.Ascocarp - ANSWER-Fruiting body of an ascomycete
.Ascomycetes of importance - ANSWER-Erysiphe necator, Taphrina sp., Venturia
sp., Colletotrichum acutatum, Sclerotinia sp., Monilinia sp.
.Ascospore - ANSWER-sexual spores of ascomycete fungi that develop within an
ascus
.Aster yellows disease reservoirs - ANSWER-Weeds
.Aster yellows insect vector - ANSWER-Leafhoppers
,.Bacterial Plant Pathogen Characteristics - ANSWER-Prokaryotic, reproduce
asexually, enter through wounds or natural openings, ooze is a typical sign
.Basidiomycetes of importance - ANSWER-Ustilago sp., Puccinia sp., Armillaria
sp., Sclerotium sp., Rhizoctonia sp.
.Basidiospore - ANSWER-A sexual fungal spore produced in a basidium,
characteristic of the basidiomycetes
.Bean common mosaic potyvirus control - ANSWER-Disease-free seed, resistant
genes to one of the pathogens
.Bean common mosaic potyvirus disease - ANSWER-Bean common mosaic
.Bean common mosaic potyvirus host range - ANSWER-Dry beans
.Bean common mosaic potyvirus symptoms - ANSWER-puckering, blistering,
distortion and rolling of leaves, mosaic pattern, stunted plants
.Bean common mosaic potyvirus transmission - ANSWER-Seed transmission
.Bean common mosaic potyvirus vector - ANSWER-Aphids
.Beet curly top geminivirus control - ANSWER-Monitoring and treatment for
beet leafhopper, treatment of leafhopper by growers not recommended
, .Beet curly top geminivirus disease - ANSWER-Curly top disease
.Beet curly top geminivirus host range - ANSWER-potatoes, cucurbits, sugarbeet
.Beet curly top geminivirus symptoms - ANSWER-Dwarfing, rolling, yellowing of
upper leaves, leaves have yellow margins and become twisted, veins of outer
leaflets remain green
.Beet curly top geminivirus vector - ANSWER-Leafhoppers
.Beet necrotic yellow vein furovirus control - ANSWER-Plant rhizomania-
resistant cultivars, avoid planting sugarbeets 2 years in a row
.Beet necrotic yellow vein furovirus disease - ANSWER-Rhizomania of
sugarbeets
.Beet necrotic yellow vein furovirus host range - ANSWER-Sugarbeet
.Beet necrotic yellow vein furovirus symptoms - ANSWER-Root stunting,
proliferation of lateral rootlets, distorted vascular tissue, pale yellowing of
leaves, leaf wilt
.Beet necrotic yellow vein furovirus vector - ANSWER-Polymyxa betae (soilborne
fungus)
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
.Abiotic factors of plant disease - ANSWER-Air pollution, temperature, nutrients
.Advantages and Disadvantages of fumigation - ANSWER-Fumigants are biocides
so they have the potential to kill pathogens, but they can also kill beneficials
and crops. Have to be applied pre-plant, are expensive, and may not fully
control
.Agrobacterium sp. - ANSWER-Crown gall
.Alternaria sp. - ANSWER-Tomato black mold
.Antagonists - ANSWER-an organism that limits or counteracts another organism
.antibiotics - ANSWER-compounds that block the growth and reproduction of
bacteria
.Apothecium - ANSWER-cup-shaped ascocarp
.Apple scab biology - ANSWER-Necrotroph
.Apple scab class - ANSWER-Ascomycetes
,.Apple scab life cycle - ANSWER-Sexual stage: ascospores from pseudothecia
Asexual structure: conidia
Resistant survival stage: overwinters in fallen apple leaves
Host range: apple, crabapple
.Apple scab management - ANSWER-Resistant cultivars, fungicides,
removal/destruction of fallen leaves
.Apple scab symptoms and signs - ANSWER-Lesions on leaves and flowers, scabs
on apples, defoliation and cracked/deformed fruit
.Arceuthobium sp. - ANSWER-Dwarf mistletoe
.Armillaria sp. - ANSWER-Oak root fungus
.Ascocarp - ANSWER-Fruiting body of an ascomycete
.Ascomycetes of importance - ANSWER-Erysiphe necator, Taphrina sp., Venturia
sp., Colletotrichum acutatum, Sclerotinia sp., Monilinia sp.
.Ascospore - ANSWER-sexual spores of ascomycete fungi that develop within an
ascus
.Aster yellows disease reservoirs - ANSWER-Weeds
.Aster yellows insect vector - ANSWER-Leafhoppers
,.Bacterial Plant Pathogen Characteristics - ANSWER-Prokaryotic, reproduce
asexually, enter through wounds or natural openings, ooze is a typical sign
.Basidiomycetes of importance - ANSWER-Ustilago sp., Puccinia sp., Armillaria
sp., Sclerotium sp., Rhizoctonia sp.
.Basidiospore - ANSWER-A sexual fungal spore produced in a basidium,
characteristic of the basidiomycetes
.Bean common mosaic potyvirus control - ANSWER-Disease-free seed, resistant
genes to one of the pathogens
.Bean common mosaic potyvirus disease - ANSWER-Bean common mosaic
.Bean common mosaic potyvirus host range - ANSWER-Dry beans
.Bean common mosaic potyvirus symptoms - ANSWER-puckering, blistering,
distortion and rolling of leaves, mosaic pattern, stunted plants
.Bean common mosaic potyvirus transmission - ANSWER-Seed transmission
.Bean common mosaic potyvirus vector - ANSWER-Aphids
.Beet curly top geminivirus control - ANSWER-Monitoring and treatment for
beet leafhopper, treatment of leafhopper by growers not recommended
, .Beet curly top geminivirus disease - ANSWER-Curly top disease
.Beet curly top geminivirus host range - ANSWER-potatoes, cucurbits, sugarbeet
.Beet curly top geminivirus symptoms - ANSWER-Dwarfing, rolling, yellowing of
upper leaves, leaves have yellow margins and become twisted, veins of outer
leaflets remain green
.Beet curly top geminivirus vector - ANSWER-Leafhoppers
.Beet necrotic yellow vein furovirus control - ANSWER-Plant rhizomania-
resistant cultivars, avoid planting sugarbeets 2 years in a row
.Beet necrotic yellow vein furovirus disease - ANSWER-Rhizomania of
sugarbeets
.Beet necrotic yellow vein furovirus host range - ANSWER-Sugarbeet
.Beet necrotic yellow vein furovirus symptoms - ANSWER-Root stunting,
proliferation of lateral rootlets, distorted vascular tissue, pale yellowing of
leaves, leaf wilt
.Beet necrotic yellow vein furovirus vector - ANSWER-Polymyxa betae (soilborne
fungus)
