PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND ECONOMICS
ZOOT 111 | T 1:00 - 4:00 PM 2nd SEMESTER | PRE-VET 1A
Zoology
● The study of animals, including their structure,
COURSE OUTLINE
evolution, behavior, and ecology. It covers the
INTRODUCTION: WORLD POPULATION, animal kingdom and purely biological perspective.
HUNGER AND THE IMPORTANCE OF
AGRICULTURE ● Applied zoology uses zoology for practical
A. Explain how world population growth, hunger,
purposes. It is the practical use of zoological
and agriculture are connected, focusing on the
knowledge in fields like pest control, wildlife
role of animals in food production.
B. Identify ways sustainable farming and livestock conservation, aquaculture, and medicine.
management can help reduce hunger and improve
food security.
C. Generate simple ideas to improve agriculture Zootechnics
using animal science to address hunger and ● The scientific art of maintaining and improving
sustainability. animals under domestication
The technology of animal husbandry:
1. Breeding
INTRODUCTION 2. Genetics
Animal Husbandry 3. Nutrition
● The branch of 4. Housing
agriculture concerned
with animals that are
raised for meat, fibre, Livestock
milk, or other products. ● Animals who are raised for consumption,
It includes day-to-day ● Domesticated animals raised in an agricultural
care, management, setting inorder to provide labour and produce
production, nutrition, diversified products for consumption
selective breeding, and the raising of livestock. It is
the livestock raising for meat and it is a large scale
business which results to income. Concerns on Growing Population
Urban areas are continuing to grow. New
● It is commonly defined as a branch of agriculture residential subdivisions are developed using larger
dealing with the domestication, breeding, and lots, surrounded by mega-malls, office parks,
rearing of animals for various purposes. restaurants, and new roads removing areas that were
once prime agricultural land.
Animal Science Green field development is when a housing
● Concerned with the science and business of development, mall, or factory is constructed on
producing domestic livestock species. (E.g. beef agricultural or other land that has not previously been
cattle, dairy cattle, horses, poultry, sheep, and developed. (No issues of contamination)
swine)
Brown field development is when a new
● It is also concerned with foods of animal origin. development is occurring on land previously used for
(E.g. meat, dairy foods, and eggs). In addition, factories, etc. (Significant contamination of the soil
animal science is concerned with aspects of with chemical toxicants)
companion animals, including their nutrition, care,
and welfare. New Urbanism – pleasant high-density new
urbanism development with the concept of walking or
● Animal science is concerned in nutrition, care and bicycling around, and a sense of community with
welfare of domestic animals. people living, working, and playing in the same area.
1
, PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND ECONOMICS
ZOOT 111 | T 1:00 - 4:00 PM 2nd SEMESTER | PRE-VET 1A
World Population Micronutrient-related malnutrition
● Refers to the human population (the total number ● Includes micronutrient deficiencies (a lack of
of humans currently living) of the world. important vitamins and minerals) or micronutrient
excess
Urban Area
● Defined as a continuous urban area or a Initiatives for Food Security
combination of urban areas which statistically can
be considered as a single labor market.
Sustainable - end hunger, achieve food
Development security and improved nutrition
Goal 2 (SDG 2) and promote sustainable
The Extent of Hunger and Inadequate agriculture
Nutrition in the World
Sustainable - ensure healthy lives and
Hunger is an uncomfortable or painful
Development promote well being for all at all
physical sensation caused by insufficient consumption
Goal 3 (SDG 3) ages
of dietary energy. It becomes chronic when the person
does not consume a sufficient amount of calories
“Food security exists when all people, at all
(dietary energy) on a regular basis to lead a normal,
times, have physical, social and economic access to
active and healthy life.
sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their
dietary needs and food preferences for an active and
FAO has used the Prevalence of
healthy life.” — FAO
Undernourishment indicator to estimate the extent of
hunger in the world, thus “hunger” may also be
referred to as undernourishment
Poverty Incidence
● It's the number of individuals with income below
The Global Hunger Index – presents a
the per capita poverty threshold divided by the
multidimensional measure of national, regional, and
total number of individuals
global hunger by assigning a numerical score based
on several aspects of hunger.
Food Security
● When a person is food insecure, they lack regular
access to enough safe and nutritious food for
normal growth and development and an active and
healthy life
Malnutrition
● Refers to deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in a
person's intake of energy and/or nutrients.
Undernutrition
● Undernutrition, which includes wasting (low
weight-for-height), stunting (low height-for-age)
and underweight (low weight-for-age)
2
, PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND ECONOMICS
ZOOT 111 | T 1:00 - 4:00 PM 2nd SEMESTER | PRE-VET 1A
Importance of Agriculture in Food
Security
Agriculture is the science of farming and it
plays a central role in safeguarding food supply and
achieving the second UN Sustainable Development
Goal of zero hunger by 2030.
The agricultural sector plays a strategic role in
improving the availability of food and achieving food
security. Development of agriculture is attributed to
economic growth which is essential for poverty
reduction.
Animal Agriculture for Food Security
Animal agriculture is very important in the
developing world. Livestock makes a significant
contribution to the poor in developing countries,
with estimates that 60% of income comes from
livestock. Livestock provides a route out of the
poverty trap.
Animal food products provide key nutrients
(much more than just protein) to humans that are not
available from plants due to either a lower content (or
absence),a lower bioavailability, and/or the presence
of anti-nutritional factors.
3
, PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND ECONOMICS
ZOOT 111 | T 1:00 - 4:00 PM 2nd SEMESTER | PRE-VET 1A
COURSE OUTLINE Development of Agriculture
The Neolithic Revolution, also known as the
DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE First Agricultural Revolution, was the wide-scale
A. Understand the origins and development of transition of many human cultures during the Neolithic
agriculture and its impact on modern animal
period in Afro-Eurasia from a lifestyle of hunting and
science.
gathering to one of agriculture and settlement, making
B. Explore the global economic significance of the
livestock industry and identify challenges and an increasingly large population possible.
opportunities for sustainable practices.
C. Recognize the growing interest in companion
animals and their role in society,including their
contributions to human health and well-being
ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF
Mid-17th and late 19th centuries: British
AGRICULTURE Agricultural Revolution, or Second Agricultural
Agriculture Revolution, was an unprecedented increase in
● It is the science of farming and the English word agricultural production in Britain arising from increases
agriculture derives from the Latin: in labor and land productivity.
ager = field
colo = cultivate
signifying, when combined, the Latin agricultura:
field or land tillage.
● It encompasses crop and livestock production,
aquaculture, fisheries, and forestry for food and
non-food products. It also impacts society in many
ways, including: supporting livelihoods through
food, habitat, and jobs; providing raw materials for The Green Revolution, or the Third
food . Agricultural Revolution, was a period of technology
transfer initiatives that saw greatly increased crop
yields. These Changes in agriculture began in
developed countries in the early 20th century and
spread globally till the late 1980s.
2 Types of Vitamins:
1. Fat Soluble
● Vitamin ADEK
Agriculture 4.0, the 4th agricultural
revolution, aims to adopt digital technologies to make
2. Water Soluble farming more planned, predictive, and productive.
● Vitamin 𝐵1, 𝐵2, 𝐵12 (Advanced)
𝐵1 = Thiamine
𝐵2 = Riboflavin
𝐵12 = Cobalamin
4
ZOOT 111 | T 1:00 - 4:00 PM 2nd SEMESTER | PRE-VET 1A
Zoology
● The study of animals, including their structure,
COURSE OUTLINE
evolution, behavior, and ecology. It covers the
INTRODUCTION: WORLD POPULATION, animal kingdom and purely biological perspective.
HUNGER AND THE IMPORTANCE OF
AGRICULTURE ● Applied zoology uses zoology for practical
A. Explain how world population growth, hunger,
purposes. It is the practical use of zoological
and agriculture are connected, focusing on the
knowledge in fields like pest control, wildlife
role of animals in food production.
B. Identify ways sustainable farming and livestock conservation, aquaculture, and medicine.
management can help reduce hunger and improve
food security.
C. Generate simple ideas to improve agriculture Zootechnics
using animal science to address hunger and ● The scientific art of maintaining and improving
sustainability. animals under domestication
The technology of animal husbandry:
1. Breeding
INTRODUCTION 2. Genetics
Animal Husbandry 3. Nutrition
● The branch of 4. Housing
agriculture concerned
with animals that are
raised for meat, fibre, Livestock
milk, or other products. ● Animals who are raised for consumption,
It includes day-to-day ● Domesticated animals raised in an agricultural
care, management, setting inorder to provide labour and produce
production, nutrition, diversified products for consumption
selective breeding, and the raising of livestock. It is
the livestock raising for meat and it is a large scale
business which results to income. Concerns on Growing Population
Urban areas are continuing to grow. New
● It is commonly defined as a branch of agriculture residential subdivisions are developed using larger
dealing with the domestication, breeding, and lots, surrounded by mega-malls, office parks,
rearing of animals for various purposes. restaurants, and new roads removing areas that were
once prime agricultural land.
Animal Science Green field development is when a housing
● Concerned with the science and business of development, mall, or factory is constructed on
producing domestic livestock species. (E.g. beef agricultural or other land that has not previously been
cattle, dairy cattle, horses, poultry, sheep, and developed. (No issues of contamination)
swine)
Brown field development is when a new
● It is also concerned with foods of animal origin. development is occurring on land previously used for
(E.g. meat, dairy foods, and eggs). In addition, factories, etc. (Significant contamination of the soil
animal science is concerned with aspects of with chemical toxicants)
companion animals, including their nutrition, care,
and welfare. New Urbanism – pleasant high-density new
urbanism development with the concept of walking or
● Animal science is concerned in nutrition, care and bicycling around, and a sense of community with
welfare of domestic animals. people living, working, and playing in the same area.
1
, PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND ECONOMICS
ZOOT 111 | T 1:00 - 4:00 PM 2nd SEMESTER | PRE-VET 1A
World Population Micronutrient-related malnutrition
● Refers to the human population (the total number ● Includes micronutrient deficiencies (a lack of
of humans currently living) of the world. important vitamins and minerals) or micronutrient
excess
Urban Area
● Defined as a continuous urban area or a Initiatives for Food Security
combination of urban areas which statistically can
be considered as a single labor market.
Sustainable - end hunger, achieve food
Development security and improved nutrition
Goal 2 (SDG 2) and promote sustainable
The Extent of Hunger and Inadequate agriculture
Nutrition in the World
Sustainable - ensure healthy lives and
Hunger is an uncomfortable or painful
Development promote well being for all at all
physical sensation caused by insufficient consumption
Goal 3 (SDG 3) ages
of dietary energy. It becomes chronic when the person
does not consume a sufficient amount of calories
“Food security exists when all people, at all
(dietary energy) on a regular basis to lead a normal,
times, have physical, social and economic access to
active and healthy life.
sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their
dietary needs and food preferences for an active and
FAO has used the Prevalence of
healthy life.” — FAO
Undernourishment indicator to estimate the extent of
hunger in the world, thus “hunger” may also be
referred to as undernourishment
Poverty Incidence
● It's the number of individuals with income below
The Global Hunger Index – presents a
the per capita poverty threshold divided by the
multidimensional measure of national, regional, and
total number of individuals
global hunger by assigning a numerical score based
on several aspects of hunger.
Food Security
● When a person is food insecure, they lack regular
access to enough safe and nutritious food for
normal growth and development and an active and
healthy life
Malnutrition
● Refers to deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in a
person's intake of energy and/or nutrients.
Undernutrition
● Undernutrition, which includes wasting (low
weight-for-height), stunting (low height-for-age)
and underweight (low weight-for-age)
2
, PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND ECONOMICS
ZOOT 111 | T 1:00 - 4:00 PM 2nd SEMESTER | PRE-VET 1A
Importance of Agriculture in Food
Security
Agriculture is the science of farming and it
plays a central role in safeguarding food supply and
achieving the second UN Sustainable Development
Goal of zero hunger by 2030.
The agricultural sector plays a strategic role in
improving the availability of food and achieving food
security. Development of agriculture is attributed to
economic growth which is essential for poverty
reduction.
Animal Agriculture for Food Security
Animal agriculture is very important in the
developing world. Livestock makes a significant
contribution to the poor in developing countries,
with estimates that 60% of income comes from
livestock. Livestock provides a route out of the
poverty trap.
Animal food products provide key nutrients
(much more than just protein) to humans that are not
available from plants due to either a lower content (or
absence),a lower bioavailability, and/or the presence
of anti-nutritional factors.
3
, PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND ECONOMICS
ZOOT 111 | T 1:00 - 4:00 PM 2nd SEMESTER | PRE-VET 1A
COURSE OUTLINE Development of Agriculture
The Neolithic Revolution, also known as the
DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE First Agricultural Revolution, was the wide-scale
A. Understand the origins and development of transition of many human cultures during the Neolithic
agriculture and its impact on modern animal
period in Afro-Eurasia from a lifestyle of hunting and
science.
gathering to one of agriculture and settlement, making
B. Explore the global economic significance of the
livestock industry and identify challenges and an increasingly large population possible.
opportunities for sustainable practices.
C. Recognize the growing interest in companion
animals and their role in society,including their
contributions to human health and well-being
ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF
Mid-17th and late 19th centuries: British
AGRICULTURE Agricultural Revolution, or Second Agricultural
Agriculture Revolution, was an unprecedented increase in
● It is the science of farming and the English word agricultural production in Britain arising from increases
agriculture derives from the Latin: in labor and land productivity.
ager = field
colo = cultivate
signifying, when combined, the Latin agricultura:
field or land tillage.
● It encompasses crop and livestock production,
aquaculture, fisheries, and forestry for food and
non-food products. It also impacts society in many
ways, including: supporting livelihoods through
food, habitat, and jobs; providing raw materials for The Green Revolution, or the Third
food . Agricultural Revolution, was a period of technology
transfer initiatives that saw greatly increased crop
yields. These Changes in agriculture began in
developed countries in the early 20th century and
spread globally till the late 1980s.
2 Types of Vitamins:
1. Fat Soluble
● Vitamin ADEK
Agriculture 4.0, the 4th agricultural
revolution, aims to adopt digital technologies to make
2. Water Soluble farming more planned, predictive, and productive.
● Vitamin 𝐵1, 𝐵2, 𝐵12 (Advanced)
𝐵1 = Thiamine
𝐵2 = Riboflavin
𝐵12 = Cobalamin
4
