Stats & mechanics edexcel a level maths
Census -correct answer*Every member of the population Sample -correct answer*A
selection of observations taken from a subset of the population which is used to find out
information about the population as a whole Simple random sampling -correct
answer*Random sampling- everyone the sample has a equal chance of being selected.
E.g. each person given a number and then the numbers are chosen from random
Systematic sampling -correct answer*Random sampling- the required elements are
chosen at regular intervals from an ordered list. E.g. choose a number between 1-10
randomly and if you got 5, choose every 5th person after that Stratified sampling
-correct answer*Random sampling- Population is in groups, and a proportional random
sample is taken for each group. The formula for choosing how many people to take from
each group (number in group)/(number in population) x overall sample size Quota
sampling -correct answer*Non-random- an interviewer selects a sample that reflects the
characteristics of the whole population, and keep going until they have done as much as
needed. Opportunity sampling -correct answer*Non-random- taking the sample from
people who are available at the time the study is carried out and who fit the criteria
Locations in the large data set -correct answer*Leuchars-UK Leeming- UK Heathrow-UK
Hurn-UK Camborne-UK Jacksonville-USA Beijing-China Perth-Australia What is
measured in the large data set -correct answer*Daily mean temperature Daily total
rainfall Daily total sunshine Daily mean wind direction&speed Daily maximum gust
Daily maximum relative humidity Daily mean cloud cover Daily mean visibility Daily
mean pressure Mode/modal class -correct answer*the value that comes up most often
Median -correct answer*The middle value when they are in order Mean -correct
answer*Sum of all the values divided by the number of values Lower quartile -correct
answer*25% of the way through the data Upper quartile -correct answer*75% of the
way through the data Range -correct answer*Largest value-smallest value Interquartile
range -correct answer*Upper quartile-lower quartile Coding -correct answer*Used to
simplify statistical calculations. Formula y=(x-a)/b Outlier -correct answer*Anything
above Q3+k(IQR) or below Q1-k(IQR) Frequency density -correct answer*Frequency
density = frequency/class width Mutually exclusive events -correct answer*P(AnB) =
P(A)+P(B) Independent events -correct answer*P(AUB) = P(A) x P(B) Probability
distribution -correct answer*A table which fully describes the probability of any
outcome in the sample space Discrete uniform distribution -correct answer*When all
the outcomes have the same probability Binomial distribution -correct answer*X~B(n, p)
where n is a fixed no. of trials, p is the probability of success and there are only 2
outcomes, success and failure, the trials are independent H0 -correct answer*The null
hypothesis- the hypothesis you assume to be true H1 -correct answer*The alternative
hypothesis- the hypothesis you are trying to prove/disprove H1:p<0 H1:p>0 -correct
answer*One-tailed test H1:p=/0 -correct answer*Two-tailed test Average velocity
-correct answer*=total displacement/time taken Average speed -correct answer*=total
distance travelled/time taken Gradient in a velocity-time graph -correct
answer*Acceleration Area in a velocity-time graph -correct answer*Distance travelled
s-v-a -correct answer*>dy/dt <fdt y=ax^n -correct answer*logy = loga + nlogx y=kb^x
-correct answer*logy = logk + xlogb Hypothesis testing for 0 correlation -correct
answer*H0 is always that p=0. Find the critical value in the formula booklet Normal
distribution -correct answer*X~N(mean, variance) mean=median=mode are under
curve=1 Standard normal distribution -correct answer*Z~N(0,1^2) Approximating a
binomial distribution -correct answer*If n is large and p is close to 0.5 the binomial can
be approximated as a normal dist where the mean=(numberxprobability) standard
dev=root(numberxprob)x(1-p) you need to apply a continuity correction Moment
-correct answer*=force x perpendicular distance Ncm Equilibrium -correct answer*The
Census -correct answer*Every member of the population Sample -correct answer*A
selection of observations taken from a subset of the population which is used to find out
information about the population as a whole Simple random sampling -correct
answer*Random sampling- everyone the sample has a equal chance of being selected.
E.g. each person given a number and then the numbers are chosen from random
Systematic sampling -correct answer*Random sampling- the required elements are
chosen at regular intervals from an ordered list. E.g. choose a number between 1-10
randomly and if you got 5, choose every 5th person after that Stratified sampling
-correct answer*Random sampling- Population is in groups, and a proportional random
sample is taken for each group. The formula for choosing how many people to take from
each group (number in group)/(number in population) x overall sample size Quota
sampling -correct answer*Non-random- an interviewer selects a sample that reflects the
characteristics of the whole population, and keep going until they have done as much as
needed. Opportunity sampling -correct answer*Non-random- taking the sample from
people who are available at the time the study is carried out and who fit the criteria
Locations in the large data set -correct answer*Leuchars-UK Leeming- UK Heathrow-UK
Hurn-UK Camborne-UK Jacksonville-USA Beijing-China Perth-Australia What is
measured in the large data set -correct answer*Daily mean temperature Daily total
rainfall Daily total sunshine Daily mean wind direction&speed Daily maximum gust
Daily maximum relative humidity Daily mean cloud cover Daily mean visibility Daily
mean pressure Mode/modal class -correct answer*the value that comes up most often
Median -correct answer*The middle value when they are in order Mean -correct
answer*Sum of all the values divided by the number of values Lower quartile -correct
answer*25% of the way through the data Upper quartile -correct answer*75% of the
way through the data Range -correct answer*Largest value-smallest value Interquartile
range -correct answer*Upper quartile-lower quartile Coding -correct answer*Used to
simplify statistical calculations. Formula y=(x-a)/b Outlier -correct answer*Anything
above Q3+k(IQR) or below Q1-k(IQR) Frequency density -correct answer*Frequency
density = frequency/class width Mutually exclusive events -correct answer*P(AnB) =
P(A)+P(B) Independent events -correct answer*P(AUB) = P(A) x P(B) Probability
distribution -correct answer*A table which fully describes the probability of any
outcome in the sample space Discrete uniform distribution -correct answer*When all
the outcomes have the same probability Binomial distribution -correct answer*X~B(n, p)
where n is a fixed no. of trials, p is the probability of success and there are only 2
outcomes, success and failure, the trials are independent H0 -correct answer*The null
hypothesis- the hypothesis you assume to be true H1 -correct answer*The alternative
hypothesis- the hypothesis you are trying to prove/disprove H1:p<0 H1:p>0 -correct
answer*One-tailed test H1:p=/0 -correct answer*Two-tailed test Average velocity
-correct answer*=total displacement/time taken Average speed -correct answer*=total
distance travelled/time taken Gradient in a velocity-time graph -correct
answer*Acceleration Area in a velocity-time graph -correct answer*Distance travelled
s-v-a -correct answer*>dy/dt <fdt y=ax^n -correct answer*logy = loga + nlogx y=kb^x
-correct answer*logy = logk + xlogb Hypothesis testing for 0 correlation -correct
answer*H0 is always that p=0. Find the critical value in the formula booklet Normal
distribution -correct answer*X~N(mean, variance) mean=median=mode are under
curve=1 Standard normal distribution -correct answer*Z~N(0,1^2) Approximating a
binomial distribution -correct answer*If n is large and p is close to 0.5 the binomial can
be approximated as a normal dist where the mean=(numberxprobability) standard
dev=root(numberxprob)x(1-p) you need to apply a continuity correction Moment
-correct answer*=force x perpendicular distance Ncm Equilibrium -correct answer*The
