Acute Pyelonephritis - Diagnostic Studies
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Urinalysis: pyuria, bacteriuria, hematuria, WBC casts
Urine Cultures and Sensitivities
Blood Cultures
Decreased Kidney function Tests
, Ultrasound
CT Scan - preferred imaging study
Urine culture ("clean catch", "midstream") - purpose
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Confirms suspected UTI and identifies causative organisms
Normally, bladder is sterile, but urethra contains bacteria and a few WBCs
Reference interval:
Properly collected, stored, and handled: <103 organisms/mL - no infection
103-105 - not diagnostic, test may need repeated
>105/mL indicated infection
RA- Other Symptoms
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Rheumatoid Nodules
-Firm, nontender masses found on bony areas exposed to pressure
-Cataracts and vision loss
-Nodular myositis
-Pleurisy, pleural effusion, pericarditis, pericardial effusion, and
cardiomyopathy
Sjogren's syndrome
-Dry, gritty eyes and photosensitivity
Felty Syndrome
-Enlarged spleen and low WBCs result in increased risk of infection and
lymphoma
, Flexion Contractures
-Decreased self-care
Depression
-Pain and disability
-Increased C-reactive protein levels
Ileal conduit - Pouching system
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Collects urine from stoma
-may need refitting
-2 types; 1-piece w/attached skin barrier, 2-piece w/skin barrier and
detachable pouch
-Properly fitting pouch prevents skin problems
-1/8in (3mm) larger than stoma
-Normal for stoma to shrink in first weeks
-Stoma should be beef red, observe for discoloration
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
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Multisystem autoimmune inflammatory disease
Affects:
-joints
-skin
-Membranes: pericardium, pleura
-Renal system
Unpredictable course w/alternating periods of remission and worsening
disease
Etiology
, -Genetic
-Environmental Factors
-Mostly Women: ages 15-45
OA - CM
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Joint pain
-primary symptom ranging from mild discomfort to significant disability
-Pain worsens w/joint use: early stages-rest relieves pain; later stages - pain
w/rest and trouble sleeping
-Pain may worsen w/lower barometric pressure
Pain contributes to disability and loss of function as OA progresses
Joint stiffness after rest or under changed position
-early morning stiffness resolves w/in 30 min; distinguishes from RA
Overactivity increases stiffness temporarily
Crepitation (bone on bone grating)
Affects joints asymmetrically
Chlamydia - complications
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Give this one a try later!
Urinalysis: pyuria, bacteriuria, hematuria, WBC casts
Urine Cultures and Sensitivities
Blood Cultures
Decreased Kidney function Tests
, Ultrasound
CT Scan - preferred imaging study
Urine culture ("clean catch", "midstream") - purpose
Give this one a try later!
Confirms suspected UTI and identifies causative organisms
Normally, bladder is sterile, but urethra contains bacteria and a few WBCs
Reference interval:
Properly collected, stored, and handled: <103 organisms/mL - no infection
103-105 - not diagnostic, test may need repeated
>105/mL indicated infection
RA- Other Symptoms
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Rheumatoid Nodules
-Firm, nontender masses found on bony areas exposed to pressure
-Cataracts and vision loss
-Nodular myositis
-Pleurisy, pleural effusion, pericarditis, pericardial effusion, and
cardiomyopathy
Sjogren's syndrome
-Dry, gritty eyes and photosensitivity
Felty Syndrome
-Enlarged spleen and low WBCs result in increased risk of infection and
lymphoma
, Flexion Contractures
-Decreased self-care
Depression
-Pain and disability
-Increased C-reactive protein levels
Ileal conduit - Pouching system
Give this one a try later!
Collects urine from stoma
-may need refitting
-2 types; 1-piece w/attached skin barrier, 2-piece w/skin barrier and
detachable pouch
-Properly fitting pouch prevents skin problems
-1/8in (3mm) larger than stoma
-Normal for stoma to shrink in first weeks
-Stoma should be beef red, observe for discoloration
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Give this one a try later!
Multisystem autoimmune inflammatory disease
Affects:
-joints
-skin
-Membranes: pericardium, pleura
-Renal system
Unpredictable course w/alternating periods of remission and worsening
disease
Etiology
, -Genetic
-Environmental Factors
-Mostly Women: ages 15-45
OA - CM
Give this one a try later!
Joint pain
-primary symptom ranging from mild discomfort to significant disability
-Pain worsens w/joint use: early stages-rest relieves pain; later stages - pain
w/rest and trouble sleeping
-Pain may worsen w/lower barometric pressure
Pain contributes to disability and loss of function as OA progresses
Joint stiffness after rest or under changed position
-early morning stiffness resolves w/in 30 min; distinguishes from RA
Overactivity increases stiffness temporarily
Crepitation (bone on bone grating)
Affects joints asymmetrically
Chlamydia - complications
Give this one a try later!
