Sophia Human Biology Unit 1 Challenge 2 Questions And Answers (Latest Update)

Sophia - Human Biology - Unit 1 Challenge 2 1 — Cell Theory Identify the basic elements of cell theory. Which of the following statements is true? • a.) All cells have flagella. • b.) Most prokaryotes do not have a nucleus, but some do. • c.) All cells come from preexisting cells. • d.) All cells are eukaryotes. 2 — Plasma Membrane Determine the characteristics of the plasma membrane. Which of the following is a characteristic of the plasma membrane? • a.) It produces energy for the cell. • b.) It is a rigid outer barrier for the cell. • c.) It is made of two layers of phospholipids. • d.) It allows all kinds of molecules to pass through. 3 — Nucleus Understand the definition and components of the nucleus Which of the following is a characteristic of the nucleus? • a.) It houses DNA in all cells. • b.) It is made up of DNA. • c.) It controls activity within the cell. • d.) It is only found in prokaryotic cells. 4 — Cytoplasm Understand the definition and components of cytoplasm What is cytoplasm? • a.) The liquid found inside the cytosol that is mostly composed of water • b.) A part of the plasma membrane between the two layers of phospholipids • c.) The jellylike fluid that supports the contents of the cell • d.) The protein structure that provides support to the cell 5 — Mitochondria Understand mitochondria and its role in the cell. What is cellular respiration? • a.) The process by which cells use energy • b.) The process by which the mitochondria and nucleus interact • c.) The process that converts organic molecules into energy • d.) The process by which cells help a person breathe 6 — Endoplasmic Reticulum Understand the endoplasmic reticulum and its role in the cell. What is the most noticeable difference between rough ER and smooth ER? • a.) Both the smooth ER and the rough ER are responsible for assembling and packaging lipids. • b.) Smooth ER is covered in ribosomes. Rough ER is not. • c.) Rough ER is covered in ribosomes. Smooth ER is not. • d.) Rough ER is responsible for assembling and packaging lipids. Smooth ER is responsible for assembling and packaging proteins. 7 — Golgi Body Understand the Golgi body and its role in the cell. What is the structure of the Golgi body? • a.) Like spooled thread • b.) Spherical sac • c.) Flattened sacs • d.) Bean-like 8 — Diffusion Identify how substances move across a cell membrane through the process of diffusion. Why is diffusion a type of passive transport? • a.) It transports molecules against the concentration gradient. • b.) It occurs only through a semi-permeable membrane. • c.) It does not require energy for the transport to occur. • d.) It transports only molecules that are very small. 9 — Osmosis Determine the elements of osmosis. What does it mean for a solution to be hypotonic? • a.) There is a higher concentration outside the cell than inside. • b.) There is an equal concentration of molecules inside and outside of the cell. • c.) It has a concentration gradient. • d.) There is a higher concentration inside the cell than outside. 10 — Facilitated Diffusion Understand facilitated diffusion. What is active transport? • a.) The movement of substances that have been broken up by transport proteins across a membrane • b.) The movement into or out of a cell that requires energy in the form of ATP • c.) The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane • d.) The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration