Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
6501 Walden University
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the
following will facilitate his continued muscle performance? Answer Answer: Anaerobic
glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action
potential? Answer Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell,
changing the membrane potential from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal
which of the following? Answer Answer: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the
nurse looking for? Answer Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic
disease
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying
degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide?
Answer Answer: Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include
regarding cholesterol? Answer Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity
of the erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to carry oxygen.
When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic
fibrosis is caused by an _____ gene Answer Answer: Autosomal recessive
How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes? Answer
Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as:
Answer Answer: Sodium
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in: Answer
Answer: Reduced protein synthesis
What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from
diseases? Answer Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes
are believed to result from cell injury.
, What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an
absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her
features include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the
elbow, and sparse body hair. Answer Answer: Turner syndrome
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most
of the genetic information be contained? Answer Answer: Nucleolus
The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome. What is
the nurse describing? Answer Answer: Maternal nondisjunction
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of
this disease is associated with: Answer Answer: Delayed age of onset
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's best
response? Answer Answer: Pregnancy in women over age 35
What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction? Answer Answer: Provide growth
factor for tissue growth and development
A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair appearance.
Which finding will support this diagnosis? Answer Answer: Inability to convert tyrosine
to DOPA (3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine)
Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of: Answer
Answer: Decreased ATP production
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that
oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by: Answer Answer: Plasma
proteins
The ion transporter that moves Na + and Ca 2+ simultaneously in the same direction is
an example of which of the following types of transport? Answer Answer: Symport
A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the
fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this
condition? Answer Answer: Tetraploidy
Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells? Answer Answer: Because
the resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium
Hypothyroidism Answer A disorder caused by a thyroid gland that is slower and less
productive than normal, does not produce enough T3 and T4
6501 Walden University
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the
following will facilitate his continued muscle performance? Answer Answer: Anaerobic
glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action
potential? Answer Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell,
changing the membrane potential from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal
which of the following? Answer Answer: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the
nurse looking for? Answer Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic
disease
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying
degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide?
Answer Answer: Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include
regarding cholesterol? Answer Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity
of the erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to carry oxygen.
When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic
fibrosis is caused by an _____ gene Answer Answer: Autosomal recessive
How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes? Answer
Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as:
Answer Answer: Sodium
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in: Answer
Answer: Reduced protein synthesis
What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from
diseases? Answer Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes
are believed to result from cell injury.
, What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an
absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her
features include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the
elbow, and sparse body hair. Answer Answer: Turner syndrome
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most
of the genetic information be contained? Answer Answer: Nucleolus
The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome. What is
the nurse describing? Answer Answer: Maternal nondisjunction
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of
this disease is associated with: Answer Answer: Delayed age of onset
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's best
response? Answer Answer: Pregnancy in women over age 35
What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction? Answer Answer: Provide growth
factor for tissue growth and development
A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair appearance.
Which finding will support this diagnosis? Answer Answer: Inability to convert tyrosine
to DOPA (3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine)
Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of: Answer
Answer: Decreased ATP production
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that
oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by: Answer Answer: Plasma
proteins
The ion transporter that moves Na + and Ca 2+ simultaneously in the same direction is
an example of which of the following types of transport? Answer Answer: Symport
A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the
fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this
condition? Answer Answer: Tetraploidy
Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells? Answer Answer: Because
the resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium
Hypothyroidism Answer A disorder caused by a thyroid gland that is slower and less
productive than normal, does not produce enough T3 and T4
