HDFS 3324 EXAM 2 questions with
complete solutions
Authoritative style - correct answer ✔✔(democratic style) - high nurturance with firm control;
clear communication; give and take; outcome-oriented; goal is for child to think for themselves
and become independent; involved and affectionate
Permissive style - correct answer ✔✔moderate nurturance and little control; few rules or
demands; parent as resource and not enforcer; parents give in to child's whining; can be
coercive, guilt-tripping, distracting
Authoritarian style - correct answer ✔✔Low nurturance and most demanding; parents
unresponsive to child's needs; inflexible; can be coercive, arbitrary, domineering; promote
respect for authority, order, and tradition; low affection and empathy
Neglecting style - correct answer ✔✔low in nurturance and demandingness; detached &
indifferent
Directive style - correct answer ✔✔addresses diversity; relies on firm control; similar to
authoritative; moderate in nurturance
•African American parents - stress high obedience and control
•Chinese American & Latin American - stress respect and deference
Firm Control - correct answer ✔✔Stresses self-discipline, reasonable demands, guidance and
limits
Encourage children to internalize parental expectations/standards
•Encourages children to chink about
•Why rules are necessary
, •Why misbehavior is unacceptable
•How behavior impacts others
•How to make behavior more acceptable and make amends
Compensatory hypothesis - correct answer ✔✔poor marital relationship prompts strong parent-
child relationship (weak support)
Spillover hypothesis - correct answer ✔✔positive marital relations lead to positive parent-child
relations, vice versa (strong support)
Scaffolding - correct answer ✔✔intentionally structuring event to enhance child's learning
Emotion dismissing - correct answer ✔✔try to distract child and minimize negative emotion;
fears talking about emotions will make them worse
Overparenting - correct answer ✔✔• New style of parenting from 1980s-90s
•Hyperinvolved, highly directive, risk averse
•"Helicopter parenting"
Emotion disapproving - correct answer ✔✔criticize and reprimand child for expressing negative
emotion, which is seen as weakness; power struggles; inability to control self
"Helicopter Parenting" - correct answer ✔✔•Delivery of developmentally inappropriate,
intrusive, risk averse parenting to children who are otherwise able to function well without such
parental intervention
•Effects on children - psychological distress; poor coping skills; more entitlement and
narcissism; poor self-efficacy and self-acceptance; lower school involvement and academic
adjustment
complete solutions
Authoritative style - correct answer ✔✔(democratic style) - high nurturance with firm control;
clear communication; give and take; outcome-oriented; goal is for child to think for themselves
and become independent; involved and affectionate
Permissive style - correct answer ✔✔moderate nurturance and little control; few rules or
demands; parent as resource and not enforcer; parents give in to child's whining; can be
coercive, guilt-tripping, distracting
Authoritarian style - correct answer ✔✔Low nurturance and most demanding; parents
unresponsive to child's needs; inflexible; can be coercive, arbitrary, domineering; promote
respect for authority, order, and tradition; low affection and empathy
Neglecting style - correct answer ✔✔low in nurturance and demandingness; detached &
indifferent
Directive style - correct answer ✔✔addresses diversity; relies on firm control; similar to
authoritative; moderate in nurturance
•African American parents - stress high obedience and control
•Chinese American & Latin American - stress respect and deference
Firm Control - correct answer ✔✔Stresses self-discipline, reasonable demands, guidance and
limits
Encourage children to internalize parental expectations/standards
•Encourages children to chink about
•Why rules are necessary
, •Why misbehavior is unacceptable
•How behavior impacts others
•How to make behavior more acceptable and make amends
Compensatory hypothesis - correct answer ✔✔poor marital relationship prompts strong parent-
child relationship (weak support)
Spillover hypothesis - correct answer ✔✔positive marital relations lead to positive parent-child
relations, vice versa (strong support)
Scaffolding - correct answer ✔✔intentionally structuring event to enhance child's learning
Emotion dismissing - correct answer ✔✔try to distract child and minimize negative emotion;
fears talking about emotions will make them worse
Overparenting - correct answer ✔✔• New style of parenting from 1980s-90s
•Hyperinvolved, highly directive, risk averse
•"Helicopter parenting"
Emotion disapproving - correct answer ✔✔criticize and reprimand child for expressing negative
emotion, which is seen as weakness; power struggles; inability to control self
"Helicopter Parenting" - correct answer ✔✔•Delivery of developmentally inappropriate,
intrusive, risk averse parenting to children who are otherwise able to function well without such
parental intervention
•Effects on children - psychological distress; poor coping skills; more entitlement and
narcissism; poor self-efficacy and self-acceptance; lower school involvement and academic
adjustment
