4/27/25, 11:31
AM
MICRO 3050 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
5.0 (1 review)
Save
Terms in this set (81)
- Gram positives, acid TOLERANT, non-spore
forming, commonly found in milk
Describe lactic acid
bacteria and their - Typically ferment milk to make dairy products
role in fermented
foods. - Heterolactic vs Homolactic
- Probiotic: LIVE microorganisms given in
adequate amounts to benefit the health
of the host
Define probiotics and
prebiotics
- Prebiotic: Substances that help probiotics
grow
- Ex. Could be food you eat that protects
them from stomach acid, thing that
help them stay longer
- Often beneficial for healthy people
- Improve intestinal health/microflora (ex.
colonization resistance)
- Some LAB associated with anti-cancer
List some pros of compounds
probiotics?
- Bind with LDL cholesterol, lower BP
- Improve oral health
1/20
,4/27/25, 11:31
AM
- Immunomodulation
- Don't work the same for everyone
- Not FDA regulated, misleading
List some cons of advertisements
probiotics?
- Side effects can happen from
trying to change gut microflora,
and the immunocompromised may
encounter opportunistic pathogens
What general - Yeasts
microorganism is
responsible for
fermenting sugar
into alcohol?
- 10 - 14%
- Crush grapes → Must, add sulfur
dioxide fumigant to kill wild yeast
(they lower alcohol content)
What is the alcohol
content of wine? - Add yeast (saccharomyces)
How is wine made?
- Ferment for a few days at room temp
- MAY do secondary fermentation, add LAB to
make it taste buttery via lactic acid
- Aging adds flavor, racking/turning gets
sediments removed, and fining clarifies it
- Red = pulp is fermented with it, ages longer
- White = puls is removed before fermentation
Explain the
difference between - Sweet = super sugary grapes, and not all the
red and white wine? sugar was fermented
Sweet and dry
wine? - Dry = less sugary grapes, and all of the sugar
2/20
, 4/27/25, 11:31
AM
was fermented
- 4 - 6%
- Malt the grains (germinate) to get sugars out
What is the alcohol and crush it to make mash
content of beer?
How is beer made? - Boil mash with hops for flavor, filter out the
hops so you're left with wort
- Inoculate wort with yeast and ferment it
- Ale = top yeasts, ferment for shorter time at
What is the
warm temperature
difference between
ale and lager? -Lager = bottom yeasts, stored for longer time
at cold temperature
- +60%
What is the alcohol - Take any fermented solution and
content of distilled distill it (tubing collects vapor and
spirits? How are condense it to concentrated alcohol)
they made? What
about - Whisky/bourbon: inoculate mash with
whiskey/bourbon HOMOLACTIC bacteria to sour it, distill
specifically? it to concentrate it (stored in oak
barrels to give it color)
- Remove large sediments from raw water
- Add coagulant to precipitate them out
How is drinking
water treated? - Filter using a large sand bath
What is special
about chlorine? - Treat with chlorine to kill bacteria (has residual
so it stays clean even in pipes)
- Conserving wildlife and fisheries
- Preventing pollution
What are the goals
of wastewater - Keep condition of waterways clean
treatment?
- Preventing disasters (ex. polluted river
3/20
AM
MICRO 3050 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
5.0 (1 review)
Save
Terms in this set (81)
- Gram positives, acid TOLERANT, non-spore
forming, commonly found in milk
Describe lactic acid
bacteria and their - Typically ferment milk to make dairy products
role in fermented
foods. - Heterolactic vs Homolactic
- Probiotic: LIVE microorganisms given in
adequate amounts to benefit the health
of the host
Define probiotics and
prebiotics
- Prebiotic: Substances that help probiotics
grow
- Ex. Could be food you eat that protects
them from stomach acid, thing that
help them stay longer
- Often beneficial for healthy people
- Improve intestinal health/microflora (ex.
colonization resistance)
- Some LAB associated with anti-cancer
List some pros of compounds
probiotics?
- Bind with LDL cholesterol, lower BP
- Improve oral health
1/20
,4/27/25, 11:31
AM
- Immunomodulation
- Don't work the same for everyone
- Not FDA regulated, misleading
List some cons of advertisements
probiotics?
- Side effects can happen from
trying to change gut microflora,
and the immunocompromised may
encounter opportunistic pathogens
What general - Yeasts
microorganism is
responsible for
fermenting sugar
into alcohol?
- 10 - 14%
- Crush grapes → Must, add sulfur
dioxide fumigant to kill wild yeast
(they lower alcohol content)
What is the alcohol
content of wine? - Add yeast (saccharomyces)
How is wine made?
- Ferment for a few days at room temp
- MAY do secondary fermentation, add LAB to
make it taste buttery via lactic acid
- Aging adds flavor, racking/turning gets
sediments removed, and fining clarifies it
- Red = pulp is fermented with it, ages longer
- White = puls is removed before fermentation
Explain the
difference between - Sweet = super sugary grapes, and not all the
red and white wine? sugar was fermented
Sweet and dry
wine? - Dry = less sugary grapes, and all of the sugar
2/20
, 4/27/25, 11:31
AM
was fermented
- 4 - 6%
- Malt the grains (germinate) to get sugars out
What is the alcohol and crush it to make mash
content of beer?
How is beer made? - Boil mash with hops for flavor, filter out the
hops so you're left with wort
- Inoculate wort with yeast and ferment it
- Ale = top yeasts, ferment for shorter time at
What is the
warm temperature
difference between
ale and lager? -Lager = bottom yeasts, stored for longer time
at cold temperature
- +60%
What is the alcohol - Take any fermented solution and
content of distilled distill it (tubing collects vapor and
spirits? How are condense it to concentrated alcohol)
they made? What
about - Whisky/bourbon: inoculate mash with
whiskey/bourbon HOMOLACTIC bacteria to sour it, distill
specifically? it to concentrate it (stored in oak
barrels to give it color)
- Remove large sediments from raw water
- Add coagulant to precipitate them out
How is drinking
water treated? - Filter using a large sand bath
What is special
about chlorine? - Treat with chlorine to kill bacteria (has residual
so it stays clean even in pipes)
- Conserving wildlife and fisheries
- Preventing pollution
What are the goals
of wastewater - Keep condition of waterways clean
treatment?
- Preventing disasters (ex. polluted river
3/20
