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Notes
despite diversity, fundamental unity in the molecules that make up living orgs, all
are made of cells, which are composed of molecules such as carbohydrates,
amino acids, nucleic acids, and lipids.
Carbohydrates
they contain oxygen and hydrogen in a 2:1 ratio
decomposes within the body of the animal to release energy
optically active polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or the compounds which
produce units of such type on hydrolysis
Types
simple complex
monosaccharides polysaccharides consists of
many sugar molecules linked
glucose
together in long chains
fructose (ketose)
eg - grains, potatoes, beans
galactose
based on composition
disaccharides -
homo
monosaccharide units linked
together by a glycosidic bond starch
maltose (2 glucose units) glycogen
cellulose
Notes 1
, lactose hetero
(glucose+galactose)
chondritin sulphate -
sucrose (glucose+fructose) cartilage, and heparin
(anticoagulant)
based on function
structural
cellulose
chitin
peptidoglycan
storage
starch
glycogen
Functions
Glucose
blood glucose
present in the body as rings
Fructose
levulose
found in fruits, honey, and corn syrup
enters small intestine, and travels to the liver
processed by the glycolytic pathway to become glucose
Lactose
found in milk and dairy products
stored as glycogen or converted to glucose in the liver
Ribose
Notes 2
Notes
despite diversity, fundamental unity in the molecules that make up living orgs, all
are made of cells, which are composed of molecules such as carbohydrates,
amino acids, nucleic acids, and lipids.
Carbohydrates
they contain oxygen and hydrogen in a 2:1 ratio
decomposes within the body of the animal to release energy
optically active polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or the compounds which
produce units of such type on hydrolysis
Types
simple complex
monosaccharides polysaccharides consists of
many sugar molecules linked
glucose
together in long chains
fructose (ketose)
eg - grains, potatoes, beans
galactose
based on composition
disaccharides -
homo
monosaccharide units linked
together by a glycosidic bond starch
maltose (2 glucose units) glycogen
cellulose
Notes 1
, lactose hetero
(glucose+galactose)
chondritin sulphate -
sucrose (glucose+fructose) cartilage, and heparin
(anticoagulant)
based on function
structural
cellulose
chitin
peptidoglycan
storage
starch
glycogen
Functions
Glucose
blood glucose
present in the body as rings
Fructose
levulose
found in fruits, honey, and corn syrup
enters small intestine, and travels to the liver
processed by the glycolytic pathway to become glucose
Lactose
found in milk and dairy products
stored as glycogen or converted to glucose in the liver
Ribose
Notes 2
