Biology Combined Science GCSE
Edexcel Paper 2
Menstrual Cycle- Day 1-4 -correct answer_when menstruation (bleeding) starts,
lining of uterus (endometrium) breaks down and is released Menstrual Cycle- Day
4-14 -correct answer_the uterus lining is repaired, until it becomes a thick spongy
layer full of blood vessels ready for a fertilised egg to implant there Menstrual
Cycle- around day 14 -correct answer_an egg develops and is released from the
ovary (ovulation) Menstrual Cycle- Day 14-28 -correct answer_the lining is
maintained for about 14 days then by day 28 if no fertilised egg implants there, the
spongy lining starts to break down again starting the cycle again 1. Follicle
Stimulating Hormone -correct answer_released by the pituitary gland. causes egg
and the cells surrounding it to mature in one of the ovaries. stimulates oestrogen
production 2. Oestrogen -correct answer_released by the ovaries. causes the lining
of the uterus to thicken and grow. a high level stimulates a LH surge 3. LH -correct
answer_released by the pituitary gland. the LH gland surge stimulates ovulation at
day 14- the follicle ruptures and the egg is released. stimulates the remains of the
follicle to develop into a structure called a corpus luteum- which secretes
progesterone 4. Progesterone -correct answer_released by the corpus luteum after
ovulation. maintains the lining of the uterus. inhibits the release of FSH and LH.
when the level of progesterone falls, and there's a low oestrogen level, the uterus
lining breaks down. a low progesterone level allows FSH to increase and then the
whole cycle repeats. BMI Equation -correct answer_weight in kg/ over height in
metres,squared waist-to-hip ratio equation -correct answer_waist circumference in
cm/ over hip circumference in cm Type 1 Diabetes -correct answer_when the
pancreas produces little or no insulin meaning the blood glucose will rise to a level
that it can the person. it's inherited and is treated by injecting insulin into the blood
at mealtimes to make sure the glucose can be removed from the blood quickly once
the food has been digested Type 2 Diabetes -correct answer_when the pancreas
doesn't produce enough insulin or becoming resistant to insulin and causes an
increase in blood glucose levels. there's a correlation with this and obesity, obese
people have a higher risk of developing. having a BMI of over 30 is considered obese
Pituitary Gland -correct answer_located in the brain produces many hormones,
including FSH and LH, that regulate body conditions. it's hormones act on other
glands, directing them to release hormones that bring about change Ovaries
-correct answer_produces oestrogen which is involved in the menstrual cycle
Thyroid Gland -correct answer_produces thyroxine which is involved in regulating
things like the rate of metabolism, heart rate and temperature Adrenal Glands
-correct answer_produce adrenaline which is used to prepare the body for a flight or
flight response The Pancreas -correct answer_this produces insulin which is used
to regulate the blood glucose level Testes -correct answer_produce testosterone,
which controls puberty and sperm production in males Neurones -correct
answer_very FAST action, act for a very SHORT TIME, act on a very PRECISE AREA
Hormones -correct answer_SLOWER action, act for a LONG TIME, act in a more
GENERAL way Adrenaline -correct answer_flight or flight response. binds to
receptors in the heart making it contract more frequently and with more force so
heart race and blood pressure increases. increases blood flow to the muscles so the
cells receive more oxygen and glucose for increased respiration Adrenaline Pt 2
-correct answer_it also binds to receptors in the liver, which causes the liver to
break down its glycogen stores to release glucose. this increases the blood glucose
Edexcel Paper 2
Menstrual Cycle- Day 1-4 -correct answer_when menstruation (bleeding) starts,
lining of uterus (endometrium) breaks down and is released Menstrual Cycle- Day
4-14 -correct answer_the uterus lining is repaired, until it becomes a thick spongy
layer full of blood vessels ready for a fertilised egg to implant there Menstrual
Cycle- around day 14 -correct answer_an egg develops and is released from the
ovary (ovulation) Menstrual Cycle- Day 14-28 -correct answer_the lining is
maintained for about 14 days then by day 28 if no fertilised egg implants there, the
spongy lining starts to break down again starting the cycle again 1. Follicle
Stimulating Hormone -correct answer_released by the pituitary gland. causes egg
and the cells surrounding it to mature in one of the ovaries. stimulates oestrogen
production 2. Oestrogen -correct answer_released by the ovaries. causes the lining
of the uterus to thicken and grow. a high level stimulates a LH surge 3. LH -correct
answer_released by the pituitary gland. the LH gland surge stimulates ovulation at
day 14- the follicle ruptures and the egg is released. stimulates the remains of the
follicle to develop into a structure called a corpus luteum- which secretes
progesterone 4. Progesterone -correct answer_released by the corpus luteum after
ovulation. maintains the lining of the uterus. inhibits the release of FSH and LH.
when the level of progesterone falls, and there's a low oestrogen level, the uterus
lining breaks down. a low progesterone level allows FSH to increase and then the
whole cycle repeats. BMI Equation -correct answer_weight in kg/ over height in
metres,squared waist-to-hip ratio equation -correct answer_waist circumference in
cm/ over hip circumference in cm Type 1 Diabetes -correct answer_when the
pancreas produces little or no insulin meaning the blood glucose will rise to a level
that it can the person. it's inherited and is treated by injecting insulin into the blood
at mealtimes to make sure the glucose can be removed from the blood quickly once
the food has been digested Type 2 Diabetes -correct answer_when the pancreas
doesn't produce enough insulin or becoming resistant to insulin and causes an
increase in blood glucose levels. there's a correlation with this and obesity, obese
people have a higher risk of developing. having a BMI of over 30 is considered obese
Pituitary Gland -correct answer_located in the brain produces many hormones,
including FSH and LH, that regulate body conditions. it's hormones act on other
glands, directing them to release hormones that bring about change Ovaries
-correct answer_produces oestrogen which is involved in the menstrual cycle
Thyroid Gland -correct answer_produces thyroxine which is involved in regulating
things like the rate of metabolism, heart rate and temperature Adrenal Glands
-correct answer_produce adrenaline which is used to prepare the body for a flight or
flight response The Pancreas -correct answer_this produces insulin which is used
to regulate the blood glucose level Testes -correct answer_produce testosterone,
which controls puberty and sperm production in males Neurones -correct
answer_very FAST action, act for a very SHORT TIME, act on a very PRECISE AREA
Hormones -correct answer_SLOWER action, act for a LONG TIME, act in a more
GENERAL way Adrenaline -correct answer_flight or flight response. binds to
receptors in the heart making it contract more frequently and with more force so
heart race and blood pressure increases. increases blood flow to the muscles so the
cells receive more oxygen and glucose for increased respiration Adrenaline Pt 2
-correct answer_it also binds to receptors in the liver, which causes the liver to
break down its glycogen stores to release glucose. this increases the blood glucose
