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NCE/LPC Exam Study Guide Questions and Correct
Answers/ Latest Update / Already Graded
Ego's need for immediate gratification.
Ans: Pleasure Principle
The cause or ____________of abnormal behavior is difficult to determine in
most cases.
Ans: Etiology
An individual who is happy,autonomous, & creative has reached
______________.
Ans: Self-actualization
This is necessary from parents for children to develop healthy concepts. (Rogers)
Ans: Unconditional Positive Regard
Accomplished by rewarding success of desired behavior.
Ans: Shaping
Learning method involving the conditioning of new stimuli to existing responses.
Ans: Classical Conditioning
A behavior modification used to establish new behavior.
Ans: reinforcement
The designations "common," "personal," & "cardinal" refer to ______________.
© 2025/ 2026 | ® All rights reserved
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Ans: Trait Theory
Individuals are in an interactional relationship with their environment.
Ans: contextual worldview
Freud believed human behavior is mainly motivated by the psychosexual energy
called __________.
Ans: libido
Relearning by using a particular stimulus to establish a new, more adaptive
response
Ans: counter conditioning
Idea that there are many different ways to interpret events, each one leading to
different behaviors.
Ans: Kelly's concept of Constructive Alternativism
A severe psychological disorder involving loss of contact with reality.
Ans: Psychosis
Process of development and body change resulting from heredity rather than
learning.
Ans: Maturation
Vicarious conditioning occurs through observed________.
Ans: modeling
© 2025/ 2026 | ® All rights reserved
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The unpleasantness of _________motivates individuals to avoid or reduce
inconsistencies in cognitive structure.
Ans: cognitive dissonance
Used by individuals to maintain feelings of adequacy and self-worth rather than
coping directly with a stressful situation.
Ans: defense mechanisms
Used to help reduce anxiety experienced by an agoraphobic client.
Ans: systematic desensitization
Skinner believes the social environment provides a variety of __________to help
shape human behavior.
Ans: consequences
Patterns of ____________that may be organic, psychological, or sociocultural in
origin.
Ans: abnormal behavior
The tendency toward subjective functioning, with the self being of greatest
importance.
Ans: Jung's theory of Introversion
Behavior modification programs in schools/group homes used to motivate
participants.
Ans: token economy
© 2025/ 2026 | ® All rights reserved
NCE/LPC Exam Study Guide Questions and Correct
Answers/ Latest Update / Already Graded
Ego's need for immediate gratification.
Ans: Pleasure Principle
The cause or ____________of abnormal behavior is difficult to determine in
most cases.
Ans: Etiology
An individual who is happy,autonomous, & creative has reached
______________.
Ans: Self-actualization
This is necessary from parents for children to develop healthy concepts. (Rogers)
Ans: Unconditional Positive Regard
Accomplished by rewarding success of desired behavior.
Ans: Shaping
Learning method involving the conditioning of new stimuli to existing responses.
Ans: Classical Conditioning
A behavior modification used to establish new behavior.
Ans: reinforcement
The designations "common," "personal," & "cardinal" refer to ______________.
© 2025/ 2026 | ® All rights reserved
, 2 | Page
Ans: Trait Theory
Individuals are in an interactional relationship with their environment.
Ans: contextual worldview
Freud believed human behavior is mainly motivated by the psychosexual energy
called __________.
Ans: libido
Relearning by using a particular stimulus to establish a new, more adaptive
response
Ans: counter conditioning
Idea that there are many different ways to interpret events, each one leading to
different behaviors.
Ans: Kelly's concept of Constructive Alternativism
A severe psychological disorder involving loss of contact with reality.
Ans: Psychosis
Process of development and body change resulting from heredity rather than
learning.
Ans: Maturation
Vicarious conditioning occurs through observed________.
Ans: modeling
© 2025/ 2026 | ® All rights reserved
, 3 | Page
The unpleasantness of _________motivates individuals to avoid or reduce
inconsistencies in cognitive structure.
Ans: cognitive dissonance
Used by individuals to maintain feelings of adequacy and self-worth rather than
coping directly with a stressful situation.
Ans: defense mechanisms
Used to help reduce anxiety experienced by an agoraphobic client.
Ans: systematic desensitization
Skinner believes the social environment provides a variety of __________to help
shape human behavior.
Ans: consequences
Patterns of ____________that may be organic, psychological, or sociocultural in
origin.
Ans: abnormal behavior
The tendency toward subjective functioning, with the self being of greatest
importance.
Ans: Jung's theory of Introversion
Behavior modification programs in schools/group homes used to motivate
participants.
Ans: token economy
© 2025/ 2026 | ® All rights reserved
