VERIFIED 16, MARYVILLE 663 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
PTSD other neuropsych
1. hippocampus received increased attention, although the issue remains controversial.
2. Structural changes in the amygdala, an area of the brain associated with fear, have
also been demonstrated
ODD neuropsych
1. No specific laboratory tests or pathological findings
2. may share some characteristics with people with high levels of aggression, such as
low central nervous system serotonin
3. Brain imaging studies suggest may have subtle differences in the part of the brain
responsible for reasoning, judgment and impulse control
ODD heredity
tends to occur in families with a history of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
(ADHD), substance use disorders, or mood disorders such as depression or bipolar
disorder.
Explanatory models of ODD/CD
focus on executive functions (EFs)
Hot EF
1. comprises motivational, affective, and emotional aspect of cognition
2. The amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex, insula, and orbitofrontal cortex are
responsible for ____ EF functioning
Cold EF
1. focuses on inhibition, planning, working memory, and flexibility, which are basically
top-down control mechanisms of cognition
2. dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and cerebellum control _____ EF
CD neuropsych
1. decreased gray matter in limbic brain structures, and in the bilateral anterior insula
and left amygdala compared to healthy controls
2. Neurotransmitter studies suggest low level of plasma dopamine β-hydroxylase, an
enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine, leading to a hypothesis of
, decreased noradrenergic function
3. juvenile offenders have found high plasma serotonin levels in blood
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
blood serotonin levels correlate inversely with levels of 5-HIAA in the
_______________and that low 5-HIAA levels in __________correlate with aggression
and violence
aggressive children
had significantly greater relative right frontal brain activity at rest comparitively. Frontal
resting brain electrical activity has been hypothesized to reflect the ability to regulate
emotion
RAD neuropsych
1. no single specific laboratory test is used to make a diagnosis,
2. Many have disturbances of growth and development
3. If incoming early sensory input is inadequate or creates pandemonium, neural org will
reflect this disarray.
4. Lower brain region disorganization automatically compromise higher brain regions
Attachment Neuropsych
1. right hemispheres forge neural connections between infants subcortical, bodily-based
affective states with conscious emotional states in the higher brain regions of the right
hemisphere;
2. these circuits are vital to emotional processing, empathy and development of self
3. Right hemisphere and limbic system develop rapidly during the first year and
responsible for habitual responses to stress
Play
vital to brain development
Brain stem
0-9mo, critical role in regulation of arousal, sleep, heart rate, body temp, fear states
Diencephalon
6mo-2yrs fine motor skills, promoting sensory integration, controlling motor functioning
and facilitating flexibility in relational exchanges.
Limbic system
ANSWERS
PTSD other neuropsych
1. hippocampus received increased attention, although the issue remains controversial.
2. Structural changes in the amygdala, an area of the brain associated with fear, have
also been demonstrated
ODD neuropsych
1. No specific laboratory tests or pathological findings
2. may share some characteristics with people with high levels of aggression, such as
low central nervous system serotonin
3. Brain imaging studies suggest may have subtle differences in the part of the brain
responsible for reasoning, judgment and impulse control
ODD heredity
tends to occur in families with a history of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
(ADHD), substance use disorders, or mood disorders such as depression or bipolar
disorder.
Explanatory models of ODD/CD
focus on executive functions (EFs)
Hot EF
1. comprises motivational, affective, and emotional aspect of cognition
2. The amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex, insula, and orbitofrontal cortex are
responsible for ____ EF functioning
Cold EF
1. focuses on inhibition, planning, working memory, and flexibility, which are basically
top-down control mechanisms of cognition
2. dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and cerebellum control _____ EF
CD neuropsych
1. decreased gray matter in limbic brain structures, and in the bilateral anterior insula
and left amygdala compared to healthy controls
2. Neurotransmitter studies suggest low level of plasma dopamine β-hydroxylase, an
enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine, leading to a hypothesis of
, decreased noradrenergic function
3. juvenile offenders have found high plasma serotonin levels in blood
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
blood serotonin levels correlate inversely with levels of 5-HIAA in the
_______________and that low 5-HIAA levels in __________correlate with aggression
and violence
aggressive children
had significantly greater relative right frontal brain activity at rest comparitively. Frontal
resting brain electrical activity has been hypothesized to reflect the ability to regulate
emotion
RAD neuropsych
1. no single specific laboratory test is used to make a diagnosis,
2. Many have disturbances of growth and development
3. If incoming early sensory input is inadequate or creates pandemonium, neural org will
reflect this disarray.
4. Lower brain region disorganization automatically compromise higher brain regions
Attachment Neuropsych
1. right hemispheres forge neural connections between infants subcortical, bodily-based
affective states with conscious emotional states in the higher brain regions of the right
hemisphere;
2. these circuits are vital to emotional processing, empathy and development of self
3. Right hemisphere and limbic system develop rapidly during the first year and
responsible for habitual responses to stress
Play
vital to brain development
Brain stem
0-9mo, critical role in regulation of arousal, sleep, heart rate, body temp, fear states
Diencephalon
6mo-2yrs fine motor skills, promoting sensory integration, controlling motor functioning
and facilitating flexibility in relational exchanges.
Limbic system
