EMCA-P - ANS_Abbreviation for Environment/Hazards, Mechanism of Injury/Nature of Illness, No. of
Casualties, Allied Resources, PPE
End-tidal CO2 - ANS_Best measurement of ventilation using ETCO2, superior to SPO2
Tank Pressure Constants - ANS_Constants for calculating M or D tank pressures: D = 0.16, E = 0.28, M =
1.56
Duration of Flow - ANS_Calculation: (current tank pressure - safe residual pressure) x (tank constant) /
flow rate
Surfactant - ANS_Lipids and proteins reducing surface tension in alveoli
Decorticate Flexion - ANS_Indicates midbrain damage, above brain stem (GCS - 3 on motor scale)
Decerebrate Extension - ANS_Suggests brain stem damage, worse than decorticate flexion (GCS - 2 on
motor scale)
Laryngospasm - ANS_Vocal cord spasm obstructing lung airflow, triggered by acid exposure, infections,
irritants
Parietal Membrane - ANS_Lines rib cage and diaphragm, aiding lung movement with pleural fluid
, Visceral Membrane - ANS_Covers lungs, works with parietal membrane for lung inflation and deflation
Breathing Patterns - ANS_Include agonal, apneustic, ataxic, Biot's, bradypnea, central neurogenic
hyperventilation, Cheyne-Stokes, eupnea, hyperpnea, hypopnea, Kussmaul, tachypnea
Cough - ANS_Forced exhalation against closed glottis, aids airway clearing
Hiccup - ANS_Diaphragm spasms causing short exhalations, linked to nerve irritation
Sighing/Yawning - ANS_Deep breaths to reopen alveoli, counteracting daily alveolar closure
Life-Threatening Conditions - ANS_Primary question in patient assessment: 'Does my patient have any
life-threatening conditions?'
Physical Exam Techniques - ANS_Include inspection (general or specific) and palpation (touching for
information)
Tenderness - ANS_Pain or discomfort upon touch
Deformity - ANS_Abnormal shape or structure
Crepitus - ANS_Crackling sound or sensation in joints
Mass effect - ANS_Presence of a mass affecting surrounding structures
Pulse quality - ANS_Strength and regularity of the pulse
Casualties, Allied Resources, PPE
End-tidal CO2 - ANS_Best measurement of ventilation using ETCO2, superior to SPO2
Tank Pressure Constants - ANS_Constants for calculating M or D tank pressures: D = 0.16, E = 0.28, M =
1.56
Duration of Flow - ANS_Calculation: (current tank pressure - safe residual pressure) x (tank constant) /
flow rate
Surfactant - ANS_Lipids and proteins reducing surface tension in alveoli
Decorticate Flexion - ANS_Indicates midbrain damage, above brain stem (GCS - 3 on motor scale)
Decerebrate Extension - ANS_Suggests brain stem damage, worse than decorticate flexion (GCS - 2 on
motor scale)
Laryngospasm - ANS_Vocal cord spasm obstructing lung airflow, triggered by acid exposure, infections,
irritants
Parietal Membrane - ANS_Lines rib cage and diaphragm, aiding lung movement with pleural fluid
, Visceral Membrane - ANS_Covers lungs, works with parietal membrane for lung inflation and deflation
Breathing Patterns - ANS_Include agonal, apneustic, ataxic, Biot's, bradypnea, central neurogenic
hyperventilation, Cheyne-Stokes, eupnea, hyperpnea, hypopnea, Kussmaul, tachypnea
Cough - ANS_Forced exhalation against closed glottis, aids airway clearing
Hiccup - ANS_Diaphragm spasms causing short exhalations, linked to nerve irritation
Sighing/Yawning - ANS_Deep breaths to reopen alveoli, counteracting daily alveolar closure
Life-Threatening Conditions - ANS_Primary question in patient assessment: 'Does my patient have any
life-threatening conditions?'
Physical Exam Techniques - ANS_Include inspection (general or specific) and palpation (touching for
information)
Tenderness - ANS_Pain or discomfort upon touch
Deformity - ANS_Abnormal shape or structure
Crepitus - ANS_Crackling sound or sensation in joints
Mass effect - ANS_Presence of a mass affecting surrounding structures
Pulse quality - ANS_Strength and regularity of the pulse
