Sociology Chapter 4 Notes – Socialization and Development
Internal/extrenal - AnswerCulture is affected by changes both ________ and
__________.
Demographics of group members, such as age and gender composition. For example,
in the United States and other aging societies, television programs and the
advertisements associated with them are more oriented to older people than is the case
in societies with increasing numbers of younger people (Carter and Vega 2011). -
AnswerWhat is an example of an internal change within culture?
Technology, such as smart phones. For example, with the growth of smartphone use,
texting has become wildly popular as a communication method (including among street
gang members), and cell phone conversations have become proportionally less
common. - AnswerWhat is an example of an external change within culture.
1. Values - General and abstract standards defining what a society considers good,
right, or important
2. Norms - Informal rules that guide what people do and how they live
3. Material culture - Artifacts that are manifestations of culture
4. Symbolic culture - Nonmaterial aspects of culture - AnswerWhat are the 4 basic
elements of culture?
For example, when the United States undertook invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan, one
of the objectives was the creation of democratic regimes in those societies. The
assumption was that Iraqis and Afghanis wanted the same kind of democracy as the
one that exists in the United States. It is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to impose
a value, such as the value of democracy, on a society where it does not already exist, or
where it exists in a very different form - AnswerExample of a values?
Yes, laws are norms that have been codified. They are written down and formally
enforced through institutions such as the state. - AnswerIs a law also a norm?
Rules prohibiting speaking and texting on handheld cell phones while driving are
examples of how informal norms can come to be codified into laws. - Answerwhat is
an example of a norm that has become a law?
Yes, folkways are unimportant norms and if violated they do not have any sanctions. -
AnswerAre folkways norms?
Norms are reinforced through sanctions, which can take the form of punishments
(negative sanctions) or rewards (positive sanctions). - AnswerHow are norms
reinforced?
, Not intruding on the space of the passenger sitting next to you on a plane is an example
of a folkway or texting in a college class, most professors just ignore it. - AnswerWhat
is an example of a folkway?
Airplane passengers who are belligerent toward other passengers or crew members are
violating mores and may be forcibly ejected from the plane. - AnswerMores are also
norms and carry severe negative sanctions, provide an example of mores
1. Shoplifting - law
2. Damaging store displays - mores
3. lining up and waiting your turn to check out - folkway - AnswerMatch the following
statement with the appropriate value.
1. Shoplifting
2. Damaging store displays
3. lining up and waiting your turn to check out
the value that Americans place on economic prosperity is reflected in such material
objects as games like Monopoly. - AnswerWhat is an example of Material culture
Yes, language, especially in its written form, allows for the storage and development of
culture. Cultures with largely oral traditions do manage to accumulate culture and
transmit it from one generation or group to another, but written language is a far more
effective way of retaining and expanding on a culture. - AnswerIs language an aspect
of symbolic culture?
ideal culture, or what the norms and values of society lead us to think people should
believe and do, and real culture, or what people actually think and do in their everyday
lives. - Answerexplain the difference between ideal culture and real culture
a major American value is democracy. However, barely a majority of Americans bother
to vote in presidential elections—only 60 percent of eligible voters voted in the 2016
election - AnswerProvide an example of ideal culture vs real culture.
in the United States, meritocracy is a dominant ideology involving the widely shared
belief that all people have an equal chance of succeeding economically based on their
hard work and skills. However, even with dedication and adequate education and
training, not everyone succeeds. Among many other things, some people are luckier
than others (Frank 2016). Even though they don't deserve it, some people succeed
because of a lucky break; others who deserve to succeed don't because they are
unlucky. This reflects the key fact that not all ideologies are true. - AnswerProvide an
example of an ideology in American society.
major subcultures include the LGBTQ community (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender,
and queer people), Hispanics, Hasidic Jews, hip-hop fans. - AnswerProvide an
example of a subculture in the United States
Internal/extrenal - AnswerCulture is affected by changes both ________ and
__________.
Demographics of group members, such as age and gender composition. For example,
in the United States and other aging societies, television programs and the
advertisements associated with them are more oriented to older people than is the case
in societies with increasing numbers of younger people (Carter and Vega 2011). -
AnswerWhat is an example of an internal change within culture?
Technology, such as smart phones. For example, with the growth of smartphone use,
texting has become wildly popular as a communication method (including among street
gang members), and cell phone conversations have become proportionally less
common. - AnswerWhat is an example of an external change within culture.
1. Values - General and abstract standards defining what a society considers good,
right, or important
2. Norms - Informal rules that guide what people do and how they live
3. Material culture - Artifacts that are manifestations of culture
4. Symbolic culture - Nonmaterial aspects of culture - AnswerWhat are the 4 basic
elements of culture?
For example, when the United States undertook invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan, one
of the objectives was the creation of democratic regimes in those societies. The
assumption was that Iraqis and Afghanis wanted the same kind of democracy as the
one that exists in the United States. It is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to impose
a value, such as the value of democracy, on a society where it does not already exist, or
where it exists in a very different form - AnswerExample of a values?
Yes, laws are norms that have been codified. They are written down and formally
enforced through institutions such as the state. - AnswerIs a law also a norm?
Rules prohibiting speaking and texting on handheld cell phones while driving are
examples of how informal norms can come to be codified into laws. - Answerwhat is
an example of a norm that has become a law?
Yes, folkways are unimportant norms and if violated they do not have any sanctions. -
AnswerAre folkways norms?
Norms are reinforced through sanctions, which can take the form of punishments
(negative sanctions) or rewards (positive sanctions). - AnswerHow are norms
reinforced?
, Not intruding on the space of the passenger sitting next to you on a plane is an example
of a folkway or texting in a college class, most professors just ignore it. - AnswerWhat
is an example of a folkway?
Airplane passengers who are belligerent toward other passengers or crew members are
violating mores and may be forcibly ejected from the plane. - AnswerMores are also
norms and carry severe negative sanctions, provide an example of mores
1. Shoplifting - law
2. Damaging store displays - mores
3. lining up and waiting your turn to check out - folkway - AnswerMatch the following
statement with the appropriate value.
1. Shoplifting
2. Damaging store displays
3. lining up and waiting your turn to check out
the value that Americans place on economic prosperity is reflected in such material
objects as games like Monopoly. - AnswerWhat is an example of Material culture
Yes, language, especially in its written form, allows for the storage and development of
culture. Cultures with largely oral traditions do manage to accumulate culture and
transmit it from one generation or group to another, but written language is a far more
effective way of retaining and expanding on a culture. - AnswerIs language an aspect
of symbolic culture?
ideal culture, or what the norms and values of society lead us to think people should
believe and do, and real culture, or what people actually think and do in their everyday
lives. - Answerexplain the difference between ideal culture and real culture
a major American value is democracy. However, barely a majority of Americans bother
to vote in presidential elections—only 60 percent of eligible voters voted in the 2016
election - AnswerProvide an example of ideal culture vs real culture.
in the United States, meritocracy is a dominant ideology involving the widely shared
belief that all people have an equal chance of succeeding economically based on their
hard work and skills. However, even with dedication and adequate education and
training, not everyone succeeds. Among many other things, some people are luckier
than others (Frank 2016). Even though they don't deserve it, some people succeed
because of a lucky break; others who deserve to succeed don't because they are
unlucky. This reflects the key fact that not all ideologies are true. - AnswerProvide an
example of an ideology in American society.
major subcultures include the LGBTQ community (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender,
and queer people), Hispanics, Hasidic Jews, hip-hop fans. - AnswerProvide an
example of a subculture in the United States
