WGU BIOCHEMISTRY 785 FINAL
EXAM 100Q QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS/A+
GRADE 2023 VERSION
Hemophilia Pedigree - Father has hemophilia, mother does not. What is the
outcome for their kids?
Correct answer- His daughters would be carriers. This is x-link recessive.
Autosomal:
Dominant:
Correct answer- Autosomal: males and females equally
affected. Dominant: non-carrier parents
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Correct answer- The process of copying
DNA in the lab. Uses Template DNA, Nucleotides (dNTPS), DNA Polymerase,
and DNA primers.
3 Steps of PCR
Correct answer- 1. Denaturation: DNA is heated to 95C to separate it.
2. Annealing: reaction is cooled to 50C; primers stick to the DNA you want
to copy and add DNA polymerase.
3. Elongation: reaction heated to 70C and DNA polymerase, adding
nucleotides building a new DNA strand.
Base Excision Repair (BER) Correct answer- How you repair a mutation.
BER is used to repair damage to a base caused by harmful molecules. You
remove the base that is damaged and replace it. *BER removes a single
nucleotide*
DNA glycolsylase - sees damaged DNA and removes it.
DNA polymerase-puts the right one back in while DNA ligase seals it.
Mismatch repair (MMR) occurs during:
Correct answer- replication. DNA polymerase proofreads but sometimes a
mismatch pair gets through. MMR removes a large section of the
nucleotides from the new DNA and DNA polymerase tries again. (Ex: C-T
instead of C-A)
Mismatch Repair corrects what kind of DNA damage?
Correct answer- When a base is mismatched due to errors in replication.
Such as G-T instead of G-C. DNA polymerase comes by and fixes it.
What happens when DNA polymerase binds to DNA to make RNA?
, WGU BIOCHEMISTRY 785 FINAL
EXAM 100Q QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS/A+
GRADE 2023 VERSION
Correct answer- TRANSCRIPTION! DNA polymerase takes the individual
nucleotides and matches them to the parental sequences to ensure a
correct pair. It must bind with RNA primer to work.
What is needed for DNA
replication? Correct answer-
DNA polymerase
Nonsense Mutation
Correct answer- Change in 1 nucleotide produces a STOP codon Stop=
nonsense because it is no more.
Silent Mutation
Correct answer- Change in 1 nucleotide but codes for the same amino acid.
Silent= the change doesn't change the name of the protein
Missense Mutation
Correct answer- Change in 1 nucleotide leads to a code for a different amino
acid. Missense = mistake was made.
What happends during RNA splicing?
Correct answer- During RNA splicing introns are cut out, the remaining exons
are joined together.
5'ATG AGT CTC TCT 3'
Find the DNA template strand.
Correct answer- 3'TAC TCA GAG AGA 5'
The DNA template strand is complimentary. So start with the opposite
number, then go L-R with the complimentary letter.
5'ATG AGT CTC TCT 3'
What is the corresonding mRNA
sequence? Correct answer- 5'AUG
AGU CUC UCU 3'
This sequence is the same as the coding strand except T changes to U
because it is RNA. RNA doesn't have T.
How would a mutation from CTC to ATC affect the protein sequence?
(CTC/ATC - coding strand, AUC - mRNA strand)
Correct answer- This will make a missense mutation because it changes
the name of the protein. (look at the chart provided.) missense = mistake
, WGU BIOCHEMISTRY 785 FINAL
EXAM 100Q QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS/A+
GRADE 2023 VERSION
DNA replication process
Correct answer- DNA ->Transcription -> RNA -> Translation -> Polypeptide
Describe how you would find what ionized Alanine looks like.
Correct answer- This is an amino acid. Look for the "R" group. Alanine is a
hydrophobic amino acid that has CH3. It is a weak interaction. An ionized acid
will have a + or - charge.
Describe what causes the misfolding of protein in Alzheimer's Disease.
Correct answer- Protein misfolding is caused by intracellular tangles and
extracellular plaques (senile plaques) caused by abnormal protein
aggregation.
TAU is fibrous material inside cells where the connections are lost. This
becomes defective and forms filaments in the neuron.
Amyloid-Beta is a large precursor protein in the cell. Excess amyloid-beta
creates senile plaques. This starts in the hippocampus and moves up.
Describe the process of neurodegenerative protein aggregation.
Correct answer- Alzheimer's is the most common neurodegenerative disease.
The formation of aggregated amyloid-beta fibers is another characterisitc of
Alzheimer's. However, neurodegeneration and memory loss can be detected
before amyloid fibers accumulate in the brain.
What are the molecules that help denatured proteins with folding?
Correct answer- Molecular chaperones are protein helpers. They bind to the
newly made polypeptide and enable proper folding. Proper protein folding is
vital b/c proteins that do not fold properly can lead to a variety of diseases.
Normally, the chaperones that help new proteins fold can also help misfolded
proteins refold into the correct structure. Genetic mutations that substitute
one amino acid for another can cause incorrect folding.
What are the 4 levels of protein structure?
Correct answer- 1. Primary-chain of amino acids. PEPTIDE bonds form a
polypeptide chain. This is a covalent bond (very strong) and does not
denature.
2. Secondary-alpha helix and beta sheet. HYDROGEN bonds that contain the
carboxyl group and amino groups. Denatured by salt and pH change.
3. Tertiary-side chain interaction (R group). Changes are seen with high
temp, salt, change in pH, and reducing agents. (ex: sickle cell, arthritis,
hemophilia)
4. Quarternary-more than 1 polypeptide. Change seen with increased temp.
(Ex: Hgb)
EXAM 100Q QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS/A+
GRADE 2023 VERSION
Hemophilia Pedigree - Father has hemophilia, mother does not. What is the
outcome for their kids?
Correct answer- His daughters would be carriers. This is x-link recessive.
Autosomal:
Dominant:
Correct answer- Autosomal: males and females equally
affected. Dominant: non-carrier parents
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Correct answer- The process of copying
DNA in the lab. Uses Template DNA, Nucleotides (dNTPS), DNA Polymerase,
and DNA primers.
3 Steps of PCR
Correct answer- 1. Denaturation: DNA is heated to 95C to separate it.
2. Annealing: reaction is cooled to 50C; primers stick to the DNA you want
to copy and add DNA polymerase.
3. Elongation: reaction heated to 70C and DNA polymerase, adding
nucleotides building a new DNA strand.
Base Excision Repair (BER) Correct answer- How you repair a mutation.
BER is used to repair damage to a base caused by harmful molecules. You
remove the base that is damaged and replace it. *BER removes a single
nucleotide*
DNA glycolsylase - sees damaged DNA and removes it.
DNA polymerase-puts the right one back in while DNA ligase seals it.
Mismatch repair (MMR) occurs during:
Correct answer- replication. DNA polymerase proofreads but sometimes a
mismatch pair gets through. MMR removes a large section of the
nucleotides from the new DNA and DNA polymerase tries again. (Ex: C-T
instead of C-A)
Mismatch Repair corrects what kind of DNA damage?
Correct answer- When a base is mismatched due to errors in replication.
Such as G-T instead of G-C. DNA polymerase comes by and fixes it.
What happens when DNA polymerase binds to DNA to make RNA?
, WGU BIOCHEMISTRY 785 FINAL
EXAM 100Q QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS/A+
GRADE 2023 VERSION
Correct answer- TRANSCRIPTION! DNA polymerase takes the individual
nucleotides and matches them to the parental sequences to ensure a
correct pair. It must bind with RNA primer to work.
What is needed for DNA
replication? Correct answer-
DNA polymerase
Nonsense Mutation
Correct answer- Change in 1 nucleotide produces a STOP codon Stop=
nonsense because it is no more.
Silent Mutation
Correct answer- Change in 1 nucleotide but codes for the same amino acid.
Silent= the change doesn't change the name of the protein
Missense Mutation
Correct answer- Change in 1 nucleotide leads to a code for a different amino
acid. Missense = mistake was made.
What happends during RNA splicing?
Correct answer- During RNA splicing introns are cut out, the remaining exons
are joined together.
5'ATG AGT CTC TCT 3'
Find the DNA template strand.
Correct answer- 3'TAC TCA GAG AGA 5'
The DNA template strand is complimentary. So start with the opposite
number, then go L-R with the complimentary letter.
5'ATG AGT CTC TCT 3'
What is the corresonding mRNA
sequence? Correct answer- 5'AUG
AGU CUC UCU 3'
This sequence is the same as the coding strand except T changes to U
because it is RNA. RNA doesn't have T.
How would a mutation from CTC to ATC affect the protein sequence?
(CTC/ATC - coding strand, AUC - mRNA strand)
Correct answer- This will make a missense mutation because it changes
the name of the protein. (look at the chart provided.) missense = mistake
, WGU BIOCHEMISTRY 785 FINAL
EXAM 100Q QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS/A+
GRADE 2023 VERSION
DNA replication process
Correct answer- DNA ->Transcription -> RNA -> Translation -> Polypeptide
Describe how you would find what ionized Alanine looks like.
Correct answer- This is an amino acid. Look for the "R" group. Alanine is a
hydrophobic amino acid that has CH3. It is a weak interaction. An ionized acid
will have a + or - charge.
Describe what causes the misfolding of protein in Alzheimer's Disease.
Correct answer- Protein misfolding is caused by intracellular tangles and
extracellular plaques (senile plaques) caused by abnormal protein
aggregation.
TAU is fibrous material inside cells where the connections are lost. This
becomes defective and forms filaments in the neuron.
Amyloid-Beta is a large precursor protein in the cell. Excess amyloid-beta
creates senile plaques. This starts in the hippocampus and moves up.
Describe the process of neurodegenerative protein aggregation.
Correct answer- Alzheimer's is the most common neurodegenerative disease.
The formation of aggregated amyloid-beta fibers is another characterisitc of
Alzheimer's. However, neurodegeneration and memory loss can be detected
before amyloid fibers accumulate in the brain.
What are the molecules that help denatured proteins with folding?
Correct answer- Molecular chaperones are protein helpers. They bind to the
newly made polypeptide and enable proper folding. Proper protein folding is
vital b/c proteins that do not fold properly can lead to a variety of diseases.
Normally, the chaperones that help new proteins fold can also help misfolded
proteins refold into the correct structure. Genetic mutations that substitute
one amino acid for another can cause incorrect folding.
What are the 4 levels of protein structure?
Correct answer- 1. Primary-chain of amino acids. PEPTIDE bonds form a
polypeptide chain. This is a covalent bond (very strong) and does not
denature.
2. Secondary-alpha helix and beta sheet. HYDROGEN bonds that contain the
carboxyl group and amino groups. Denatured by salt and pH change.
3. Tertiary-side chain interaction (R group). Changes are seen with high
temp, salt, change in pH, and reducing agents. (ex: sickle cell, arthritis,
hemophilia)
4. Quarternary-more than 1 polypeptide. Change seen with increased temp.
(Ex: Hgb)
