NR546 WEEK 3 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.

NR546 WEEK 3 TEST YOUR
KNOWLEDGE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS

antipsychotic meds - ANSWER: primarily used for schizophrenia & psychotic disorders
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-also used as adjunctive meds for management of tx-resistant depression & other
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conditions
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-not curative
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-decrease/control symptoms/improve quality of life gg gg gg gg




Schizophrenia - ANSWER: a disturbance that must last for 6 months or longer,
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including at least one month of positive symptoms or negative symptoms
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-neurodevelopmental, brain disorder gg gg



-psychological condition involving chronic or repeated episodes of psychosis
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cause: combination of genetics and environmental factors
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DX: based on clinical interview
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Schizophrenia increases the risk of: - ANSWER: suicide gg gg gg gg gg gg gg



homeless
jail/prison

psychosis - ANSWER: set of symptoms in which a person's mental capacity, affective
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response, and capacity to recognize reality, communicate, and relate to others is
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impaired
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Hallmarks of psychosis - ANSWER: Delusions and hallucinations
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-often called the "positive symptoms" of psychosis
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-Delusions are fixed beliefs - often bizarre - that have an inadequate rational basis
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and can't be changed by rational arguments or evidence to the contrary
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-Hallucinations are perceptual experiences of any sensory modality - especially
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auditory - that occur without a real external stimulus, yet are vivid and clear, just like
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normal perceptions, but not under voluntary control
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Symptoms of psychosis: - ANSWER: -hallucinations
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-delusions
-disorganized speech gg



-disorganized behavior gg



-distortions of reality gg gg



-inappropriate or very strong emotions or apathy gg gg gg gg gg gg



-negative symptoms: diminished emotional expression and decreased motivation
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,perceptual distortions and motor disturbances can be associated with _________ -
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ANSWER: any type of psychosis.
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-Perceptual distortions include being distressed by hallucinatory voices; seeing
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visions; reporting hallucinations of touch, taste, or odor; or reporting that familiar
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things and people seem changed.
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-Motor disturbances are peculiar, rigid postures; overt signs of tension; inappropriate
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grins or giggles; peculiar repetitive gestures; talking, muttering, or mumbling to
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oneself; or glancing around as if hearing voices.
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-paranoid psychosis, the patient has paranoid projections, hostile belligerence, and
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grandiose expansiveness. often occurs in schizophrenia and in many drug-induced
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psychoses
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Grandiose expansiveness - ANSWER: exhibiting an attitude of superiority; hearing
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voices that praise and extol; believing one has unusual powers or is a well-known
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personality, or that one has a divine mission, which is often seen in schizophrenia
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and in manic psychosis
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Psychosis can affect a person's: - ANSWER: -cognition
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-affective response gg



-communication
-capacity to recognize reality
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-ability to relate to others
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_________ is a defining feature for some psychotic disorders while other disorders
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may have a psychotic component - ANSWER: psychosis
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Diagnoses Requiring the Presence of Psychosis - ANSWER: -Schizophrenia
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-Substance-induced psychotic disorders gg gg



-Schizophreniform disorder gg



-Shizoafffective disorder gg



-Delusional disorder gg



-Brief psychotic disorder
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-Psychotic disorder d/t a medical condition
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Diagnoses with Psychosis as a Feature - ANSWER: -Mania
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-Depression
-Cognitive disorders gg



-Dementia

schizophrenia: positive symptoms - ANSWER: -hallucinations
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-delusions
-thought disorder gg



-hostility
-excitability

, schizophrenia: motor symptoms - ANSWER: -motor delay gg gg gg gg gg gg



-dyscoordination
-extrapyramidal symptoms (parkinsonism, dyskinesia) gg gg gg




schizophrenia: affective symptoms - ANSWER: -depression gg gg gg gg gg



-anxiety
-suicidality

schizophrenia: affects on cognition - ANSWER: -attention gg gg gg gg gg gg



-working memory gg



-verbal memory gg



-visual memory gg



-executive funtioning gg



-processing speed gg



-social conditioning gg




schizophrenia: negative symptoms - ANSWER: -affective flattening gg gg gg gg gg gg



-alogia
-anhedonia
-amotivation
-asociality

area of the brain thought to be responsible for the positive symptoms of schizophrenia
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is the ____________. one of the neuronal pathways known to be affected here is the
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___________ from the _____________ and the _____________. - ANSWER: limbic
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system, mesolimbic pathway, ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens
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schizophrenia: the dopamine theory - ANSWER: suggests that in the mesolimbic
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pathway, neurons from the VTA (ventral tegmental area) release higher than normal
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levels of dopamine into the synaptic cleft at the NAC (nucleus accumbens).
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-More dopamine binds to the D2 dopamine receptors in the NAC. This is thought to
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be the cause of positive symptoms
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Schizophrenia: dopamine and mesocortical system - ANSWER: area of the brain
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thought to be responsible for negative symptoms of schizophrenia, prefrontal cortex
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-mesocortical pathway goes from the VTA (ventral tegmental area) to the PFC
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(prefrontal cortex)
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-dysregulation of dopamine between these two areas of the brain results in the
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negative and cognitive symptoms
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schizophrenia: dopamine release at PFC - ANSWER: dopamine theory suggests that
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in the mesocortical pathway, neurons from the VTA (ventral tegmental area) release
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lower than normal levels of dopamine into the synaptic cleft in the PFC (prefrontal
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cortex).
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-Less dopamine binds to the D1 dopamine receptors in the PFC.
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-cause of the negative and cognitive symptoms
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