546 MIDTERM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.

546 MIDTERM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS

penumbra - ANSWER: area just outside area of infarction that has decreased
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oxygen supply
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is thrombotic or embolic stroke more common? - ANSWER: thrombotic
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thrombotic stroke - ANSWER: blood clot develops on arterial wall of a brain blood
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vessel due to plaque/fatty deposit build up
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embolic stroke - ANSWER: plaque/fatty buildup from the body breaks off and
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blocks blood flow in a brain blood vessel
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hemorrhagic stroke - ANSWER: stroke in which injury is due to bleeding, leaking
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or rupture of a blood vessel
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ischemic stroke - ANSWER: stroke in which blood supply is cut off
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what percentage of strokes are ischemic? - ANSWER: 80-85%
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number one risk factor for stroke - ANSWER: hypertension
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transient ischemic attack - ANSWER: episode of temporary and focal cerebral
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dysfunction of vascular origin, usually lasting 2-15 minutes, definitely less than 24
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hours
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ischemia - ANSWER: area with a lack of blood supply
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infarction - ANSWER: area of tissue necrosis
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stroke survival rate - ANSWER: 85%
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stroke survivors have what chance of having another stroke within 5 years? -
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ANSWER: 30%
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stroke - ANSWER: rapidly developing clinical signs of focal disturbance of cerebral
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function, lasting more than 24 hours, with no apparent cause other than vascular
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origin
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is a hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke more deadly? - ANSWER: hemorrhagic
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, what artery is most often affected with stroke? - ANSWER: MCA
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neuromuscular causes of weakness post-stroke - ANSWER: - lack of appropriate
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muscle activation
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- altered motor unit recruitment and discharge frequency
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- earlier onset of central or peripheral fatigue
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musculoskeletal causes of weakness post-stroke - ANSWER: - changes in bbh bbh bbh bbh bbh bbh bbh bbh bbh



connective tissue
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- shortening of sarcomeres
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- atrophy secondary to inactivity and immobility
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with MCA stroke, arm or leg is more affected? - ANSWER: arm
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with MCA stroke, more distal or proximal involvement? - ANSWER: distal
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with MCA stroke, more fine motor or gross motor involvement? - ANSWER: fine
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motor
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treatment for post-stroke weakness - ANSWER: task-oriented functional training
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muscle tone - ANSWER: resistance to passive stretch
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hypotonia - ANSWER: low muscle stiffness/resistance
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hypertonia - ANSWER: high muscle stiffness/resistance regardless of velocity
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range of muscle tone - ANSWER: flaccidity, hypotonia, normal, spasticity, rigidity
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spasticity - ANSWER: velocity dependent increases in resistance to passive stretch
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clonus - ANSWER: cyclical, spasmodic alternation of muscle contraction and
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relaxation in response to quick stretch
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rigidity - ANSWER: velocity independent increase in resistance to passive stretch
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spastic posturing - ANSWER: - adducted and flexed upper limb
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- extended lower limb
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- plantar flexed and inverted foot
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hypertonia patterns in UE - ANSWER: scapular retraction and downward rotation,
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shoulder add, IR, and depression, elbow flexion, forearm pronation, wrist flexion
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and adduction, finger flexion
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