BIOL 546 EXAM 2 READING QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
How does insulin affect metabolism? - ANSWER: increases glycogen synthesis
increases triglyceride synthesis
increases protein synthesis
Insulin is a _________________ hormone and thus triggers a cellular response by
_________________. - ANSWER: polypeptide; binding to an extracellular receptor
Insulin causes an increase in the number of _________________ transporter proteins
in target cell membranes. - ANSWER: GLUT4
Which two tissues express predominately insulin-dependent glucose transporters? -
ANSWER: skeletal muscle cells
adipocytes
The relationship between blood glucose concentration and insulin is an example of a
_________________ control process. - ANSWER: negative feedback
In addition to increases in blood glucose levels, insulin secretion can be stimulated by -
ANSWER: incretins
increased amino acid concentrations
increased parasympathetic nervous system activity
What are the glucose-counterregulatory controls that oppose the action of insulin? -
ANSWER: cortisol
glucagon
growth hormone
sympathetic nerves
, Gluconeogenesis is stimulated by the hormone _________________ and inhibited by
the hormone _________________. - ANSWER: glucagon; insulin
When plasma glucose concentration _________________, the secretion of glucagon
_________________. - ANSWER: decreases; increases
Glucagon secretion can be stimulated by activation of (sympathetic or
parasympathetic?) nervous system inputs to the islets. - ANSWER: sympathetic
Epinephrine has what effects on metabolism? - ANSWER: stimulates lipolysis
stimulates glycogenolysis
increases blood glucose
Hormonse-sensitive lipase is inhibited by the hormone _________________. -
ANSWER: insulin
If an individual has a cortisol deficiency, during fasting the individual would develop
_________________. - ANSWER: hypoglycemia
Which best describes the effects of high concentrations of cortisol on metabolism? -
ANSWER: they are the opposite of the effects of insulin
An individual with abnormally low plasma glucose levels is said to have
_________________. - ANSWER: hypoglycemia
Insulin secretion is inhibited by - ANSWER: epinephrine
increased sympathetic nervous system activity
The metabolic effects of epinephrine are similar to those of _________________. -
ANSWER: glucagon
A high plasma concentration of cortisol has what effect(s) on metabolism? - ANSWER:
increases lipolysis
increases gluconeogenesis
decreases the sensitivity of skeletal muscle and adipose cells to insulin
Glucose-counterregulatory controls - ANSWER: oppose the action of insulin
glucagon, epinephrine, sympathetic nerves, cortisol, and growth hormone
AND ANSWERS
How does insulin affect metabolism? - ANSWER: increases glycogen synthesis
increases triglyceride synthesis
increases protein synthesis
Insulin is a _________________ hormone and thus triggers a cellular response by
_________________. - ANSWER: polypeptide; binding to an extracellular receptor
Insulin causes an increase in the number of _________________ transporter proteins
in target cell membranes. - ANSWER: GLUT4
Which two tissues express predominately insulin-dependent glucose transporters? -
ANSWER: skeletal muscle cells
adipocytes
The relationship between blood glucose concentration and insulin is an example of a
_________________ control process. - ANSWER: negative feedback
In addition to increases in blood glucose levels, insulin secretion can be stimulated by -
ANSWER: incretins
increased amino acid concentrations
increased parasympathetic nervous system activity
What are the glucose-counterregulatory controls that oppose the action of insulin? -
ANSWER: cortisol
glucagon
growth hormone
sympathetic nerves
, Gluconeogenesis is stimulated by the hormone _________________ and inhibited by
the hormone _________________. - ANSWER: glucagon; insulin
When plasma glucose concentration _________________, the secretion of glucagon
_________________. - ANSWER: decreases; increases
Glucagon secretion can be stimulated by activation of (sympathetic or
parasympathetic?) nervous system inputs to the islets. - ANSWER: sympathetic
Epinephrine has what effects on metabolism? - ANSWER: stimulates lipolysis
stimulates glycogenolysis
increases blood glucose
Hormonse-sensitive lipase is inhibited by the hormone _________________. -
ANSWER: insulin
If an individual has a cortisol deficiency, during fasting the individual would develop
_________________. - ANSWER: hypoglycemia
Which best describes the effects of high concentrations of cortisol on metabolism? -
ANSWER: they are the opposite of the effects of insulin
An individual with abnormally low plasma glucose levels is said to have
_________________. - ANSWER: hypoglycemia
Insulin secretion is inhibited by - ANSWER: epinephrine
increased sympathetic nervous system activity
The metabolic effects of epinephrine are similar to those of _________________. -
ANSWER: glucagon
A high plasma concentration of cortisol has what effect(s) on metabolism? - ANSWER:
increases lipolysis
increases gluconeogenesis
decreases the sensitivity of skeletal muscle and adipose cells to insulin
Glucose-counterregulatory controls - ANSWER: oppose the action of insulin
glucagon, epinephrine, sympathetic nerves, cortisol, and growth hormone
