Portage Learning A&P II: Final Exam, Portage Learning A&P 2: Final Exam biod
152, BIOD152 A&P 2 -Portage Learning Final Exam
This is a collection of cell bodies found in the peripheral nervous system. - correct answer
Ganglia
This part of the autonomic system increases digestion. - correct answer Parasympathetic
The ventral root of a nerve contains what type of neurons? - correct answer Motor (Efferent)
This part of a neuron conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body. - correct answer Axon
An interneuron inside the spinal cord is part of the: - correct answer Central nervous system
Describe the synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters. - correct answer The neuron cell body
manufactures neurotransmitters, which are stored in secretory vesicles at the end of axon
terminals.
An afferent neuron carries information: - correct answer From the peripheral to the central
nervous system
What is the location and function of Astrocytes? - correct answer Astrocytes form the
blood/brain barrier, are found in the brain, and are part of the CNS
A patient's left thumb was severed in a cooking accident and then reattached during surgery.
Would the patient be expected to regrow axons in their thumb? Why or why not? - correct
answer Yes; Peripheral nerves can regenerate the length of the axon through axonal
regeneration because of the growth of Schwann cells ahead of the axon.
Name and describe what is occurring in the neuron cell membrane in section 2 of the diagram.
Include the charge of the membrane during this phase. - correct answer Depolarization: The
sodium gates open and sodium rushes into the axon during the depolarization phase of the
action potential.
Voltage travels past zero and then on up to +40 mV.
At rest, a neuron plasma membrane is: - correct answer -70mV
Which of the following is false concerning the sodium-potassium pump? - correct answer The
overall effect is a negative charge on the outside of the membrane.
True or false: A sensory neuron is signaling the body of a light touch. This means that the
strength of the action potential is weaker than usual. Explain your reasoning. - correct answer
False. The action potential is always the same. The frequency and number of nuerons activated
change the increase in intensity.
,Which of the following statements is false concerning the neuromuscular junction? - correct
answer Ach is released from the presynaptic motor neuron to cause an action potential in the
muscle fiber.
How is a message sent from one neuron to another? - correct answer A signal travels from the
cell body through the axon and releases neurotransmitters into the synapse. These
nuerotransmitters bind with receptor that carry the message to the dendrite of the next
neuron, and the process begins again.
What neurotransmitter helps regulate emotional responses and muscle tone? - correct answer
Dopamine
In a reflex, the ____________ neuron conducts nerve impulses along a pathway towards the
central nervous system. - correct answer Sensory (afferent)
This part of a reflex is inside the CNS, made up of one or more synapses. - correct answer The
integration center
What is true about the stretch reflex? - correct answer The muscle spindle detects stretch
within the muscle.
What is true about the flexor withdrawal reflex? - correct answer It involves excitatory
interneurons.
It involves inhibitory interneurons.
Your doctor taps on your patellar tendon. List out the steps, in detail, of the nervous pathway of
the reflex he is testing. Include any sensory organs involved and the action of the reflex. -
correct answer Stretch on patellar tendon (tapping patellar tendon)
Muscle spindle detects stretch
Afferent (sensory) neuron through DRG
Spinal cord
Synapses directly on a motor neuron (efferent)
Action: To muscle fiber to contract quadriceps (kicking foot)
Botulism is a disease caused by a neurotoxin that interferes with the release of Acetylcholine.
Patients with this disease experience flaccid paralysis, or the inability to contract their muscles.
Explain why this would occur. - correct answer Acetylcholine triggers the release of sodium
ions. The sodium ions reach the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which in turn release calcium ions that
begin muscle contraction. If acetylcholine is not able to be released, the muscle contraction
would not be possible.
This layer of the meninges is tightly attached to the brain. - correct answer Pia Mater
,The _______ fissure separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres. - correct answer
transverse median
Describe the function of the brain ventricles. - correct answer The brain ventricles are located
inside the brain and produce and store cerebral spinal fluid
ll the following are functions of the hypothalamus except: - correct answer Filters out
unimportant sensory information
What is the largest portion of the brain? - correct answer cerebrum
This region of the brain acts to coordinate multiple sources of sensory information. - correct
answer Association area
A patient is having difficulty producing speech sounds, but other motor movements are normal.
Which area of the brain is most likely damaged? - correct answer Broca's area
Describe how memories are stored and retrieved in the brain. Include a specific brain region. -
correct answer Memories are stored in various locations of the brain and recalled by the limbic
system.
Which statement is false concerning the brainstem? - correct answer The midbrain portion of
the brainstem is continuous with the spinal cord.
Which of the following is true concerning the cerebellum? - correct answer The anterior lobe
receives information from the body trunk.
Which of the following is most likely a symptom of ALS? - correct answer Impaired ability to
swallow
Which of the following is true concerning a CVA? - correct answer A hemorrhagic stroke is due
to a broken blood vessel.
A patient has decreased hand strength in her right hand. She also has numbness in her first
three digits. What is most likely the cause? - correct answer Carpal tunnel syndrome
What cranial nerve is highlighted in blue (also indicated by the arrow) in the figure below? -
correct answer Oculomotor
What type of nerve is the cranial nerve below and what does it control? - correct answer
Motor: Shoulder movement
The maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve: - correct answer receives sensory information
from the upper lip and upper gums
This cranial nerve receives information from the retina. - correct answer B. (Optic)
, This cranial nerve is responsible for the sensation of the digestive tract. - correct answer J
(vagus)
This cranial nerve controls movement of the eye laterally. - correct answer C (occularmotor
nerve)
This cranial nerve receives sensory information for hearing. - correct answer H
(Auditory/vestibulocochlear)
This cranial nerve is responsible for voluntarily moving the tongue. - correct answer I
(glossopharengeal)
The lumbar plexus is from spinal nerves: - correct answer T12-L04
A patient is on a ventilator post a car accident. What nerve is most likely damaged? - correct
answer Phrenic
A patient damaged the radial nerve. What action is most likely limited? - correct answer Wrist
extension
A patient has decreased sensation over the posterior surface of the thigh. What nerve is most
likely damaged? - correct answer Sciatic
Which of the following is true concerning the lumbar plexus? - correct answer There are two
divisions: anterior and posterior.
These contain the ganglia for the parasympathetic nervous system that target the intrinsic eye
muscles to change the diameter of the pupil. - correct answer Ciliary ganglion
Which of the following is false concerning the sympathetic nervous system? - correct answer It
is also called the craniosacral division.
A patient comes into the ER following an accident. She is scared and starting to hyperventilate.
You talk with her in a calm, reassuring manner as she receives medical care. You are trying to
increase the activity in which division of her nervous system? Explain your answer. - correct
answer If she is scared and hyperventilating, the sypmathetic division of the autonomic nervous
system is likely activated. By trying to calm her down, I would be trying to increase the
parasympathetic division of her autonomic nervous system in order to return her body to its
normal resting state.
If someone sustains an injury to the area of the spinal cord, as shown below by the blue oval,
would you be more likely to see paralysis or decreased sensation? Explain your answer. -
correct answer Since the dorsal area is damaged, the patient will most likely experience
decreased sensation because the dorsal root carries sensory information.
One of your patients sustained an ischemic CVA. You notice that their gait is very unsteady. It
almost appears as if they are intoxicated. What portion of the brain was most likely affected by
152, BIOD152 A&P 2 -Portage Learning Final Exam
This is a collection of cell bodies found in the peripheral nervous system. - correct answer
Ganglia
This part of the autonomic system increases digestion. - correct answer Parasympathetic
The ventral root of a nerve contains what type of neurons? - correct answer Motor (Efferent)
This part of a neuron conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body. - correct answer Axon
An interneuron inside the spinal cord is part of the: - correct answer Central nervous system
Describe the synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters. - correct answer The neuron cell body
manufactures neurotransmitters, which are stored in secretory vesicles at the end of axon
terminals.
An afferent neuron carries information: - correct answer From the peripheral to the central
nervous system
What is the location and function of Astrocytes? - correct answer Astrocytes form the
blood/brain barrier, are found in the brain, and are part of the CNS
A patient's left thumb was severed in a cooking accident and then reattached during surgery.
Would the patient be expected to regrow axons in their thumb? Why or why not? - correct
answer Yes; Peripheral nerves can regenerate the length of the axon through axonal
regeneration because of the growth of Schwann cells ahead of the axon.
Name and describe what is occurring in the neuron cell membrane in section 2 of the diagram.
Include the charge of the membrane during this phase. - correct answer Depolarization: The
sodium gates open and sodium rushes into the axon during the depolarization phase of the
action potential.
Voltage travels past zero and then on up to +40 mV.
At rest, a neuron plasma membrane is: - correct answer -70mV
Which of the following is false concerning the sodium-potassium pump? - correct answer The
overall effect is a negative charge on the outside of the membrane.
True or false: A sensory neuron is signaling the body of a light touch. This means that the
strength of the action potential is weaker than usual. Explain your reasoning. - correct answer
False. The action potential is always the same. The frequency and number of nuerons activated
change the increase in intensity.
,Which of the following statements is false concerning the neuromuscular junction? - correct
answer Ach is released from the presynaptic motor neuron to cause an action potential in the
muscle fiber.
How is a message sent from one neuron to another? - correct answer A signal travels from the
cell body through the axon and releases neurotransmitters into the synapse. These
nuerotransmitters bind with receptor that carry the message to the dendrite of the next
neuron, and the process begins again.
What neurotransmitter helps regulate emotional responses and muscle tone? - correct answer
Dopamine
In a reflex, the ____________ neuron conducts nerve impulses along a pathway towards the
central nervous system. - correct answer Sensory (afferent)
This part of a reflex is inside the CNS, made up of one or more synapses. - correct answer The
integration center
What is true about the stretch reflex? - correct answer The muscle spindle detects stretch
within the muscle.
What is true about the flexor withdrawal reflex? - correct answer It involves excitatory
interneurons.
It involves inhibitory interneurons.
Your doctor taps on your patellar tendon. List out the steps, in detail, of the nervous pathway of
the reflex he is testing. Include any sensory organs involved and the action of the reflex. -
correct answer Stretch on patellar tendon (tapping patellar tendon)
Muscle spindle detects stretch
Afferent (sensory) neuron through DRG
Spinal cord
Synapses directly on a motor neuron (efferent)
Action: To muscle fiber to contract quadriceps (kicking foot)
Botulism is a disease caused by a neurotoxin that interferes with the release of Acetylcholine.
Patients with this disease experience flaccid paralysis, or the inability to contract their muscles.
Explain why this would occur. - correct answer Acetylcholine triggers the release of sodium
ions. The sodium ions reach the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which in turn release calcium ions that
begin muscle contraction. If acetylcholine is not able to be released, the muscle contraction
would not be possible.
This layer of the meninges is tightly attached to the brain. - correct answer Pia Mater
,The _______ fissure separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres. - correct answer
transverse median
Describe the function of the brain ventricles. - correct answer The brain ventricles are located
inside the brain and produce and store cerebral spinal fluid
ll the following are functions of the hypothalamus except: - correct answer Filters out
unimportant sensory information
What is the largest portion of the brain? - correct answer cerebrum
This region of the brain acts to coordinate multiple sources of sensory information. - correct
answer Association area
A patient is having difficulty producing speech sounds, but other motor movements are normal.
Which area of the brain is most likely damaged? - correct answer Broca's area
Describe how memories are stored and retrieved in the brain. Include a specific brain region. -
correct answer Memories are stored in various locations of the brain and recalled by the limbic
system.
Which statement is false concerning the brainstem? - correct answer The midbrain portion of
the brainstem is continuous with the spinal cord.
Which of the following is true concerning the cerebellum? - correct answer The anterior lobe
receives information from the body trunk.
Which of the following is most likely a symptom of ALS? - correct answer Impaired ability to
swallow
Which of the following is true concerning a CVA? - correct answer A hemorrhagic stroke is due
to a broken blood vessel.
A patient has decreased hand strength in her right hand. She also has numbness in her first
three digits. What is most likely the cause? - correct answer Carpal tunnel syndrome
What cranial nerve is highlighted in blue (also indicated by the arrow) in the figure below? -
correct answer Oculomotor
What type of nerve is the cranial nerve below and what does it control? - correct answer
Motor: Shoulder movement
The maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve: - correct answer receives sensory information
from the upper lip and upper gums
This cranial nerve receives information from the retina. - correct answer B. (Optic)
, This cranial nerve is responsible for the sensation of the digestive tract. - correct answer J
(vagus)
This cranial nerve controls movement of the eye laterally. - correct answer C (occularmotor
nerve)
This cranial nerve receives sensory information for hearing. - correct answer H
(Auditory/vestibulocochlear)
This cranial nerve is responsible for voluntarily moving the tongue. - correct answer I
(glossopharengeal)
The lumbar plexus is from spinal nerves: - correct answer T12-L04
A patient is on a ventilator post a car accident. What nerve is most likely damaged? - correct
answer Phrenic
A patient damaged the radial nerve. What action is most likely limited? - correct answer Wrist
extension
A patient has decreased sensation over the posterior surface of the thigh. What nerve is most
likely damaged? - correct answer Sciatic
Which of the following is true concerning the lumbar plexus? - correct answer There are two
divisions: anterior and posterior.
These contain the ganglia for the parasympathetic nervous system that target the intrinsic eye
muscles to change the diameter of the pupil. - correct answer Ciliary ganglion
Which of the following is false concerning the sympathetic nervous system? - correct answer It
is also called the craniosacral division.
A patient comes into the ER following an accident. She is scared and starting to hyperventilate.
You talk with her in a calm, reassuring manner as she receives medical care. You are trying to
increase the activity in which division of her nervous system? Explain your answer. - correct
answer If she is scared and hyperventilating, the sypmathetic division of the autonomic nervous
system is likely activated. By trying to calm her down, I would be trying to increase the
parasympathetic division of her autonomic nervous system in order to return her body to its
normal resting state.
If someone sustains an injury to the area of the spinal cord, as shown below by the blue oval,
would you be more likely to see paralysis or decreased sensation? Explain your answer. -
correct answer Since the dorsal area is damaged, the patient will most likely experience
decreased sensation because the dorsal root carries sensory information.
One of your patients sustained an ischemic CVA. You notice that their gait is very unsteady. It
almost appears as if they are intoxicated. What portion of the brain was most likely affected by
