NMR spectroscopy Msc microbiology

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an analytical technique used to determine the structure and composition of molecules, especially organic compounds. It is based on the principle that certain atomic nuclei, such as hydrogen-1 or carbon-13, behave like tiny magnets and align with an external magnetic field. When exposed to a specific radiofrequency pulse, these nuclei absorb energy and shift to a higher energy state. As they return to their original state, they emit radio waves, which are detected and translated into a spectrum. Each nucleus in a different chemical environment produces a distinct signal, allowing scientists to infer molecular structure, functional groups, and connectivity. NMR spectroscopy is widely used in chemistry, biochemistry, and medicine due to its non-destructive nature and ability to provide detailed structural information.