NURS 231 portage pathophysiology exam 4
cardiovascular portage pathophysiology exam 4
Latest Update 2025-2026 Questions and 100%
Verified Correct Answers Guaranteed A+
_____ are a group of inherited disorders of hemoglobin synthesis common among
Mediterranean populations. - CORRECT ANSWER: thalassemias
1. Explain how ventricular hypertrophy is an adaptive mechanism:
2. What happens during exercise in someone with coronary artery disease? -
CORRECT ANSWER: 1. An increase in wall stress can be caused by an increase in
preload or afterload. Ventricular hypertrophy is an adaptive mechanism by which the
ventricle can offset the increase in wall stress. OR Blood pressure elevation increases
the workload of the left ventricle by increasing the pressure against which the heart
must pump as it ejects blood into the systemic circulation. Over time, the left ventricle
hypertrophies to compensate for the increased pressure and work.
2. During exertion, the heart beats harder and faster to supply oxygen to the muscles.
The coronary vessels vasodilate and increase blood flow to the cardiac muscle to meet
its increased demand for oxygen. With atherosclerotic disease, the coronary vessel
lumens are narrowed and blood supply to the heart is diminished. With exertion, the
vessels cannot adequately vasodilate. This can manifest as chest pain or tightness
and/or shortness of breath.
1. Hypertension is often called "the silent killer." By the time symptoms of hypertension
occur, the complications can affect the kidneys, heart, eyes, and blood vessels. What is
this term called?
2. Left ventricular hypertrophy is a major risk factor for what other diseases? Name at
least 2. - CORRECT ANSWER: 1. Target-organ damage
, 2. coronary heart disease, cardiac dysrhythmias, congestive heart failure, and sudden
death.
A 40-year-old woman is hospitalized with a chronic illness characterized by
hepatomegaly, distended neck veins, and peripheral edema. Which of the following
disorders is the most likely cause of these findings? - CORRECT ANSWER: right heart
failure
A 45-year-old man has a blood pressure at a screening program of 142/90. His father
has a history of hypertension and heart attack. His grandfather died of a stroke. He is 20
lbs overweight, likes eating salty foods, and enjoys drinking beer. He states he is too
tired and busy to exercise.
According to JNC 8 guidelines, what category does this patient's blood pressure fall
into?
What is hypertension a risk factor for?
What lifestyle modifications would you suggest for them?
Name one medication therapy for hypertension and its mechanism of action. -
CORRECT ANSWER: Hypertension stage 2
Atherosclerosis, CAD (MI), heart failure, stroke, peripheral artery disease
Lose weight, exercise, decrease salt intake, decrease alcohol intake
Diuretics, like thiazides, lower blood pressure by decreasing vascular volume;
ACE inhibitors inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, thereby reducing
vasoconstriction, aldosterone levels;
Calcium channel receptor blockers inhibit the movement of calcium into cardiac and
vascular smooth muscle. They reduce vascular smooth muscle tone (vasodilation);
reduce cardiac contractility and heart rate, and decrease cardiac output
A child with homozygous sickle cell disease arrives at the ER. Lab tests indicate
pneumococcal sepsis, a bacterial infection. Imaging called spleen scintigraphy
measures IV administered radiopharmaceutical tracers present in the tissue, and is
used to assess the size, shape, position, and health of the organ. While the physician
cardiovascular portage pathophysiology exam 4
Latest Update 2025-2026 Questions and 100%
Verified Correct Answers Guaranteed A+
_____ are a group of inherited disorders of hemoglobin synthesis common among
Mediterranean populations. - CORRECT ANSWER: thalassemias
1. Explain how ventricular hypertrophy is an adaptive mechanism:
2. What happens during exercise in someone with coronary artery disease? -
CORRECT ANSWER: 1. An increase in wall stress can be caused by an increase in
preload or afterload. Ventricular hypertrophy is an adaptive mechanism by which the
ventricle can offset the increase in wall stress. OR Blood pressure elevation increases
the workload of the left ventricle by increasing the pressure against which the heart
must pump as it ejects blood into the systemic circulation. Over time, the left ventricle
hypertrophies to compensate for the increased pressure and work.
2. During exertion, the heart beats harder and faster to supply oxygen to the muscles.
The coronary vessels vasodilate and increase blood flow to the cardiac muscle to meet
its increased demand for oxygen. With atherosclerotic disease, the coronary vessel
lumens are narrowed and blood supply to the heart is diminished. With exertion, the
vessels cannot adequately vasodilate. This can manifest as chest pain or tightness
and/or shortness of breath.
1. Hypertension is often called "the silent killer." By the time symptoms of hypertension
occur, the complications can affect the kidneys, heart, eyes, and blood vessels. What is
this term called?
2. Left ventricular hypertrophy is a major risk factor for what other diseases? Name at
least 2. - CORRECT ANSWER: 1. Target-organ damage
, 2. coronary heart disease, cardiac dysrhythmias, congestive heart failure, and sudden
death.
A 40-year-old woman is hospitalized with a chronic illness characterized by
hepatomegaly, distended neck veins, and peripheral edema. Which of the following
disorders is the most likely cause of these findings? - CORRECT ANSWER: right heart
failure
A 45-year-old man has a blood pressure at a screening program of 142/90. His father
has a history of hypertension and heart attack. His grandfather died of a stroke. He is 20
lbs overweight, likes eating salty foods, and enjoys drinking beer. He states he is too
tired and busy to exercise.
According to JNC 8 guidelines, what category does this patient's blood pressure fall
into?
What is hypertension a risk factor for?
What lifestyle modifications would you suggest for them?
Name one medication therapy for hypertension and its mechanism of action. -
CORRECT ANSWER: Hypertension stage 2
Atherosclerosis, CAD (MI), heart failure, stroke, peripheral artery disease
Lose weight, exercise, decrease salt intake, decrease alcohol intake
Diuretics, like thiazides, lower blood pressure by decreasing vascular volume;
ACE inhibitors inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, thereby reducing
vasoconstriction, aldosterone levels;
Calcium channel receptor blockers inhibit the movement of calcium into cardiac and
vascular smooth muscle. They reduce vascular smooth muscle tone (vasodilation);
reduce cardiac contractility and heart rate, and decrease cardiac output
A child with homozygous sickle cell disease arrives at the ER. Lab tests indicate
pneumococcal sepsis, a bacterial infection. Imaging called spleen scintigraphy
measures IV administered radiopharmaceutical tracers present in the tissue, and is
used to assess the size, shape, position, and health of the organ. While the physician
