Aphon Principles of Chemo and Biotherapy
Examination with QUESTIONS AND DIRECT
ANSWERS!!(2025)
Question. Biotherapy?
✓ Answer: Targeted anticancer agents also known as biological response modifiers (BRM)
Question. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are what class?
✓ Answer: Biotherapy
Question. Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) are what class?
✓ Answer: Biotherapy
Question. Define pharmacokinetics?
✓ Answer: Study of drug absorption, metabolism, and excretion
Question. Define pharmacodynamics?
✓ Answer: The concentration of the drug in the body and how it produces a response
Question. Define adjuvant chemotherapy?
✓ Answer: The use of chemo after another type of therapy, such as surgery, to treat residual
disease or undetectable metastasis.
Question. Define neoadjuvant chemotherapy?
✓ Answer: When chemo is used preoperatively to decrease tumor burden in order to make it
easier to remove the tumor surgically.
Question. Define sanctuary sites?
✓ Answer: Sites within the body where tumor cells sequester and are not easily reached by
chemo such as the CNS
Question. What normal cells are most often affected by chemotherapy?
✓ Answer: Hematopoietic, mucosal (mouth & GI), hair follicles
Question. Why use chemotherapy?
✓ Answer: To prevent cancer cells from dividing, metastasizing, and ultimately causing the
death of the patient
Question. Cure?
, ✓ Answer: To permanently eradicate the cancer
Question. Control?
✓ Answer: To extend the length & QOL when cure is not feasible or realistic
Question. Palliation?
✓ Answer: Minimize pain and suffering during end of life
Question. Resting phase of cell cycle?
✓ Answer: Gap 0 - cells not dividing
Question. Postmitotic phase?
✓ Answer: Gap 1 - enzymes needed for DNA synthesis are produced, protein and RNA
synthesis takes place (18 Hours)
Question. Synthesis (S) Phase?
✓ Answer: Cellular DNA duplicated (20 hours)
Question. Premycotic phase?
✓ Answer: Gap 2 - both protein and RNA synthesis occur, precursors of mitotic spindle are
produced. Shortest phase
Question. Mitosis (M) Phase?
✓ Answer: Cell division occurs in 4-step phase (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase)
1 Hour
Question. 5 stages of reproduction of cells?
✓ Answer: Resting, Postmitotic, synthesis, premitotic, mitosis
Question. Cell Cycle time?
✓ Answer: The amount of time it takes a cell to move from one mitotic episode to another.
Question. Cell-cycle-specific agents?
✓ Answer: Those drugs that work only when cells are in a specific phase of the cell cycle.
Question. Doubling time?
✓ Answer: The time required for a tumor mass to reach a certain size or double in size.
Question. Growth fraction?
✓ Answer: Percentage of cells actively dividing at any given point in time.
Question. Tumor burden
Examination with QUESTIONS AND DIRECT
ANSWERS!!(2025)
Question. Biotherapy?
✓ Answer: Targeted anticancer agents also known as biological response modifiers (BRM)
Question. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are what class?
✓ Answer: Biotherapy
Question. Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) are what class?
✓ Answer: Biotherapy
Question. Define pharmacokinetics?
✓ Answer: Study of drug absorption, metabolism, and excretion
Question. Define pharmacodynamics?
✓ Answer: The concentration of the drug in the body and how it produces a response
Question. Define adjuvant chemotherapy?
✓ Answer: The use of chemo after another type of therapy, such as surgery, to treat residual
disease or undetectable metastasis.
Question. Define neoadjuvant chemotherapy?
✓ Answer: When chemo is used preoperatively to decrease tumor burden in order to make it
easier to remove the tumor surgically.
Question. Define sanctuary sites?
✓ Answer: Sites within the body where tumor cells sequester and are not easily reached by
chemo such as the CNS
Question. What normal cells are most often affected by chemotherapy?
✓ Answer: Hematopoietic, mucosal (mouth & GI), hair follicles
Question. Why use chemotherapy?
✓ Answer: To prevent cancer cells from dividing, metastasizing, and ultimately causing the
death of the patient
Question. Cure?
, ✓ Answer: To permanently eradicate the cancer
Question. Control?
✓ Answer: To extend the length & QOL when cure is not feasible or realistic
Question. Palliation?
✓ Answer: Minimize pain and suffering during end of life
Question. Resting phase of cell cycle?
✓ Answer: Gap 0 - cells not dividing
Question. Postmitotic phase?
✓ Answer: Gap 1 - enzymes needed for DNA synthesis are produced, protein and RNA
synthesis takes place (18 Hours)
Question. Synthesis (S) Phase?
✓ Answer: Cellular DNA duplicated (20 hours)
Question. Premycotic phase?
✓ Answer: Gap 2 - both protein and RNA synthesis occur, precursors of mitotic spindle are
produced. Shortest phase
Question. Mitosis (M) Phase?
✓ Answer: Cell division occurs in 4-step phase (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase)
1 Hour
Question. 5 stages of reproduction of cells?
✓ Answer: Resting, Postmitotic, synthesis, premitotic, mitosis
Question. Cell Cycle time?
✓ Answer: The amount of time it takes a cell to move from one mitotic episode to another.
Question. Cell-cycle-specific agents?
✓ Answer: Those drugs that work only when cells are in a specific phase of the cell cycle.
Question. Doubling time?
✓ Answer: The time required for a tumor mass to reach a certain size or double in size.
Question. Growth fraction?
✓ Answer: Percentage of cells actively dividing at any given point in time.
Question. Tumor burden
