1. Psychological
-Process of using psychological tests, clinical interviews, behavioral
As- sessment
observations, and other assessment tools to gather data on an individual's
cognitive, social, and behavioral functioning for the purpose of
description, classification, prediction, and intervention
2. Examiner
Qualifi- cations -Level A: may be administered and interpreted by a non-psychologist
-Level B: require some technical knowledge of test construction and use,
as well as completion of supporting educational and psychological
subjects
-Level C: should be administered only by individuals with at least an
3. Reliability vs MA in psychology and at least one year of supervised experience
Va- lidity under a psychologist
-Reliability: degree to which test scores are free from the ettects of
measurement error
Validity: degree to which a test measures what it was designed to measur
4. Standardization -The examinee's responses, the apparatus, and the scoring have
been fixed so the scores collected at ditterent times and places are
fully comparable; any deviations from standardized administration and
scoring may result in invalid conclusions
-The test has been administered under standard conditions to a
representative sample for the purpose of establishing norms; the
greater the discrepancy be- tween the examinee and the norm group,
the less likely the test results will be valid
5. Types of Scoring -Norm-Referenced: comparison between an examinee's scores and
1/
56
,EPPP Assessment Question and answers already passed 2025
the scores of the norm group; percentile ranks, standard scores
-Criterion-Referenced: domain or content referenced; scores based on wh
the examinee can do or knows with regard to clearly defined content;
percent correct
2/
56
,EPPP Assessment Question and answers already passed 2025
-Self-Referenced: ipsative; intra-individual comparison of scores; relative
strengths or weaknesses
6. Behavioral -Focuses on overt and covert behaviors that occur in specific circumstance
As- -May utilize behavioral interviews, observation, cognitive assessment, or
sessment psy- chophysiological measures
-Functional behavioral assessment (FBA): determines the purpose of a
behavior by identifying antecedents and consequences
-Interactive approach and deliberate deviation from standardized
7. Dynamic procedures to obtain additional information about the examinee
Assess- ment -Associated with educational assessment
-Testing the limits: involves providing examinees with additional cues,
sugges- tions, or feedback; ordinarily done after standardized
administration
-Graduated prompting: giving the examinee a series of verbal prompts tha
are graduated in terms of diflculty level
-Test-teach-retest: following the initial assessment with an intervention
designed to modify the examinee's performance, then re-assessing
8. Computer-
-Computer Adaptive Testing (CAT): computer tailors the test to an
Assist- ed
Assessment individual examinee by choosing subsequent items based on
previous answers
-Increases precision and eflcacy, as all examinees are tested with the
same degree of reliability and reduced testing time
-Computer-based interpretations should not be used to replaced
clinical judge- ment
9. Actuarial vs
Clini- cal -Actuarial: statistical; based on empirically validated relationship between
Predictions test results and specific criteria
-Clinical: based on the decision-maker's intuition, experience, and
knowledge; clinical judgement
-Research has found that actuarial method alone is more accurate than
3/
56
,EPPP Assessment Question and answers already passed 2025
clinical judgement alone
4/
56