CNJNE Practice Ch1-3: Questions With Complete
Solutions
What is the epidermis Correct Answer - 1) Uppermost layer,
which provides a protective covering for the dermis
2) Thickness varies with anatomic locations and age
What is the dermis? Correct Answer - 1) Under layer, which
contains many capillaries and thousands of nerve fibers
What is the superficial fascia? Correct Answer - 1) Superficial
fascia, or subcutaneous areolar connective tissue, lies below the
epidermis
and dermis layers of the skin
2) The superficial veins used for venipuncture are located in this
fascia, which varies in
thickness and elasticity
3) Great care and meticulous aseptic technique must be observed
since an infection in
this area spreads easily causing cellulitis
What are the three layers of vessels? Correct Answer - Tunica
intima; endothelium (epithelium) (valve). inner layer
Tunica media; smooth m. in the middle layer
Tunica adventitia (external); outer connective tissue
What is the tunica intima composed of? Correct Answer -
Composed of a smooth layer of flat cells (endothelial lining). This
smooth surface allows
cells and platelets to flow freely.
Note: Care must be taken when inserting/removing IV
,catheters to avoid roughening this smooth surface. Any trauma that
roughens the
Endothelial lining encourages aggregation of cells and platelets
forming a thrombus.
--A
thrombus could obstruct blood flow or break off creating an
embolus.
What does valves have to do with the tunica intima? Correct
Answer - Many veins contain valves that are semilunar folds of
endothelium. These valves are
found in larger veins, keep blood flowing toward the heart and often
occur at points of
branching, causing a noticeable bulge in the vein.
What is the tunic media made of? Correct Answer - 1)
Composed of muscular and elastic tissue.
2) Contains nerve fibers, vasoconstrictors and vasodilators.
Within the tunica media what do the nerve fibers, vasoconstrictors
and vasodilators do? Correct Answer - Receives impulses from
vasoconstrictor center in the medulla which keeps the vessels in a
state of tonus. Venous
tone is the property of the venous system reflecting venous pressure
and venous
resistance.
Stimulates both arteries and veins to contract (vasoconstrict) or
relax
(vasodilate).
Is the tunica media thicker in arteries or veins? Correct Answer -
arteries!
,Not as strong or stiff in veins as in arteries. Therefore, veins tend to
collapse or distend
as the pressure within falls or rises.
tunica media vessel spasms Correct Answer - Vessel spasms
occur with vasoconstriction, narrowing
to occlude bloodflow.
Arteries do not collapse.
tunica media causes of vessel spasms Correct Answer - a)
temperature changes
b) chemical irritation
c) mechanical irritation
Vessel spasms can be relieved by the application of... Correct
Answer - the application of heat to the vein which results in
vasodilation that improves the flow of blood.
what does the tunica adventia (outer layer) consist. of and do?
Correct Answer - 1) Consists of areolar connective tissue.
2) Surrounds and supports vessels.
is the tunica adventia thicker in veins or arteries? Correct Answer
- In arteries, this layer is thicker than in veins because arteries
are subjected to greater
pressure from the force of blood within.
do arteries pulsate? Correct Answer - yes!
compare contrast veins/arteries Correct Answer -
where do arteries lie and what they protected by Correct Answer
- Arteries lie deep in the tissues and are protected by muscle.
, what is. an aberrant artery Correct Answer - An aberrant
artery is
one that is located superficially in an unusual place. Avoid mistaking
an aberrant artery for a vein by
assessing for a pulse. When a chemical irritation causes a spasm in
this artery, permanent damage
may result.
what is superficial fascia Correct Answer - The superficial
fascia, or subcutaneous areolar connective tissue, lies below the
epidermis and dermis layers of the skin.
what are superficial veins Correct Answer - The superficial
veins used for venipuncture are located in
this fascia, which may vary in thickness and elasticity.
Great care in aseptic technique must be
observed since infection will spread easily in this tissue, causing
cellulitis.
what are peripheral veins Correct Answer - Availability of
veins - while veins are usually
found in the same places in most individuals, certain situations
affect the ability to use the veins most
frequently united to venipuncture. For example, extra body fat,
extensive burns or frequent
intravenous drug use may make it difficult, if not impossible, to
cannulate peripheral veins.
Vein Selection and Placement INS standards: gauge size Correct
Answer - "Select the smallest-gauge peripheral catheter that will
accommodate the prescribed
Solutions
What is the epidermis Correct Answer - 1) Uppermost layer,
which provides a protective covering for the dermis
2) Thickness varies with anatomic locations and age
What is the dermis? Correct Answer - 1) Under layer, which
contains many capillaries and thousands of nerve fibers
What is the superficial fascia? Correct Answer - 1) Superficial
fascia, or subcutaneous areolar connective tissue, lies below the
epidermis
and dermis layers of the skin
2) The superficial veins used for venipuncture are located in this
fascia, which varies in
thickness and elasticity
3) Great care and meticulous aseptic technique must be observed
since an infection in
this area spreads easily causing cellulitis
What are the three layers of vessels? Correct Answer - Tunica
intima; endothelium (epithelium) (valve). inner layer
Tunica media; smooth m. in the middle layer
Tunica adventitia (external); outer connective tissue
What is the tunica intima composed of? Correct Answer -
Composed of a smooth layer of flat cells (endothelial lining). This
smooth surface allows
cells and platelets to flow freely.
Note: Care must be taken when inserting/removing IV
,catheters to avoid roughening this smooth surface. Any trauma that
roughens the
Endothelial lining encourages aggregation of cells and platelets
forming a thrombus.
--A
thrombus could obstruct blood flow or break off creating an
embolus.
What does valves have to do with the tunica intima? Correct
Answer - Many veins contain valves that are semilunar folds of
endothelium. These valves are
found in larger veins, keep blood flowing toward the heart and often
occur at points of
branching, causing a noticeable bulge in the vein.
What is the tunic media made of? Correct Answer - 1)
Composed of muscular and elastic tissue.
2) Contains nerve fibers, vasoconstrictors and vasodilators.
Within the tunica media what do the nerve fibers, vasoconstrictors
and vasodilators do? Correct Answer - Receives impulses from
vasoconstrictor center in the medulla which keeps the vessels in a
state of tonus. Venous
tone is the property of the venous system reflecting venous pressure
and venous
resistance.
Stimulates both arteries and veins to contract (vasoconstrict) or
relax
(vasodilate).
Is the tunica media thicker in arteries or veins? Correct Answer -
arteries!
,Not as strong or stiff in veins as in arteries. Therefore, veins tend to
collapse or distend
as the pressure within falls or rises.
tunica media vessel spasms Correct Answer - Vessel spasms
occur with vasoconstriction, narrowing
to occlude bloodflow.
Arteries do not collapse.
tunica media causes of vessel spasms Correct Answer - a)
temperature changes
b) chemical irritation
c) mechanical irritation
Vessel spasms can be relieved by the application of... Correct
Answer - the application of heat to the vein which results in
vasodilation that improves the flow of blood.
what does the tunica adventia (outer layer) consist. of and do?
Correct Answer - 1) Consists of areolar connective tissue.
2) Surrounds and supports vessels.
is the tunica adventia thicker in veins or arteries? Correct Answer
- In arteries, this layer is thicker than in veins because arteries
are subjected to greater
pressure from the force of blood within.
do arteries pulsate? Correct Answer - yes!
compare contrast veins/arteries Correct Answer -
where do arteries lie and what they protected by Correct Answer
- Arteries lie deep in the tissues and are protected by muscle.
, what is. an aberrant artery Correct Answer - An aberrant
artery is
one that is located superficially in an unusual place. Avoid mistaking
an aberrant artery for a vein by
assessing for a pulse. When a chemical irritation causes a spasm in
this artery, permanent damage
may result.
what is superficial fascia Correct Answer - The superficial
fascia, or subcutaneous areolar connective tissue, lies below the
epidermis and dermis layers of the skin.
what are superficial veins Correct Answer - The superficial
veins used for venipuncture are located in
this fascia, which may vary in thickness and elasticity.
Great care in aseptic technique must be
observed since infection will spread easily in this tissue, causing
cellulitis.
what are peripheral veins Correct Answer - Availability of
veins - while veins are usually
found in the same places in most individuals, certain situations
affect the ability to use the veins most
frequently united to venipuncture. For example, extra body fat,
extensive burns or frequent
intravenous drug use may make it difficult, if not impossible, to
cannulate peripheral veins.
Vein Selection and Placement INS standards: gauge size Correct
Answer - "Select the smallest-gauge peripheral catheter that will
accommodate the prescribed
